Compounds of Mercury

The mercuric compounds, in which mercury is bipositive, differ somewhat in their properties from the corresponding compounds of zinc and cadmium. The differences are due in part to the very strong tendency of the mercuric ion Hg , to form covalent bonds. Thus the covalent crystal mercuric sulfide, HgS, is far less soluble than cadmium sulfide or zinc sulfide. 

Mercuric nitrate, Hg(N03)2 oi Hg(N03)2 iH20, is made by dissolving mercury in hot concentrated nitric acid  

It hydrolyzes on dilution, unless a sufficient excess of acid is present, to form basic mercuric nitrates, such as HgNOsOH, as a white precipitate. 

Mercuric chloride, HgCl2, is a white crystalline substance usually made by dissolving mercury in hot concentrated sulfuric acid, and then heating the dry mercuric sulfate with sodium chloride, subliming the volatile mercuric chloride  

A dilute solution of mercuric chloride (about 0.1%) is used as a disinfectant. Any somewhat soluble mercuric salt would serve equally well, except for the tendency of mercuric ion to hydrolyze and to precipitate basic salts. Mercuric chloride has only a small tendency to hydrolyze because its solution contains only a small concentration of mercuric ion, the mercury being present mainly as un-ionized covalent molecules  

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Mercury Telluride. Compounds of mercury with tellurium have gained importance as semiconductors with appHcations in infrared detection (9) and solar cells (10). The ratio of the components is varied, and other elements such as cadmium, zinc, and indium are added to modify the electronic characteristics. 

The halides are the most familiar compounds of mercury(I) and all contain the Hg2 + ion (see below). Hg2p2 is obtained by treating Hg2C03 (itself precipitated by NaHC03 from aqueous Hg2(N03)2 which in turn is obtained by the action of dil HNO3 on an excess of metallic mercury) with aqueous HF. It dissolves in water... 

MIcrobiocldes. There are several microbiocides available commercially that can perform an effective function in controlling microbial activity. Some of these chemicals are inorganic, such as chlorine, sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, chromates and compounds of mercury and silver. However, the organic chemicals find the highest use as microbiocides. Some examples of these organic compounds are peracetic acid, paraformaldehyde, polychlorophenols and quaternary ammonium derivatives, to name a few [208]. 

Many different methods can be used to resolve compounds into their elements. Sometimes, but not often, heat alone is sufficient. Mercury(II) oxide, a compound of mercury and oxygen, decomposes to its elements when heated to 600°C. Joseph Priestley, an English... 

The bis(trialkyltin) compounds of mercury are formed when trialkyl-... 

C05-0021.A 2.96-g sample of a compound of mercury and chlorine is vaporized in a 1.000-L bulb at 307 °C, and the final pressure is found to be 394 torr. What are the molar mass and chemical formula of the compound ... 

Upon disabling the Hg flux, the surface compounds of mercury decompose at elevated temperatures ... 

Name and write formulas for each of the following (a) two compounds of iron and bromine (b) two compounds of palladium and bromine and (c) two compounds of mercury and bromine. 

Whitmore, 1921 Organic Compounds of Mercury, Whitmore, F. C., New York, Chemical Catalog Co. Inc., 1921... 

Equilibrium dialysis of homogenates of kidneys of rats given mercuric chloride, revealed that over 99% of the mercury was not diffusible [40]. Diffusible compounds of mercury have the opportunity to cross the capillary membrane and enter the tissue spaces however, due to chemical affinities for cellular binding sites and the diffusible complex, and the ability to penetrate the cell membrane, not all diffusible complexes of mercury present in plasma lead to tissue accumulation. 

In non-saline sediments aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons, phthalate esters carboxylic acids, uronic acid aldoses chloroaliphatics haloaromatics chlorophenols chloroanisoles polychlorobiphenyls polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins poychlorodibenzofurans various organosulphur compounds, chlorinated insecticides, organophosphorus insecticides mixtures of organic compounds triazine herbicides arsenic and organic compounds of mercury and tin. 

This monad racUoal has aever been obtained in the fbee state, but its compounds are perfeetly analogous, in m stalline form and other properties, to those of potassium. These ots hare induced some chemists to consider the group NH, as a metal, to which tfae have given the name ammonium—an hypo thesis which is considered to receive support from the production of an unstable amalgam of this radical. All the compounds of mercury with metals are found to possess metallic lustre and this is also the case with the amalgam of ammonium. It may be prepared by two different processes. 

Since 1960, it has been demonstrated by various analytical procedures that high concentrations of arsenic were present in Napoleon s hair.88 Multi-element analysis of two specimens of Napoleon s hair by ICP-MS after mineralization in concentrated nitric acid resulted in arsenic concentrations (42.1 and 37.4(xgg-1) about 40 times higher than normal values, confirming the hypothesis of a significant exposure to arsenic. However, mercury (3.3. and 4.7(xgg 1), antimony (2.1 and 1.8(xgg 1) and lead (229 and 112p,gg-1) were also detected at elevated levels. The elevated concentrations of Sb and Hg are in agreement with the data already known about the therapeutic treatments given to Napoleon (calomel and tartar emetic are compounds of mercury and antimony, respectively).88... 

Pyridine is also a good solvent for mercury fulminate. 14.5 g of mercury fulminate may be dissolved in a 1 g of pyridine on moderate heating. The fulminate may by recovered if the solution is poured into water. Large crystals, an addition compound of mercury fulminate with pyridine, then separate. This compound loses pyridine on drying. 

As dangerous as mercur r vapor is, it is by no means the most toxic form of the metal. This distinction belongs to a compound of mercury, dimethyl mercury. The world found out about the deadly nature of this substance in the 1950s, when dozens of people died and thousands experienced symptoms of mercury toxicity in the Japanese fishing village of Minamata. A nearby chemical company had been using mercury in the production of acetylene, and it had routinely discharged the used mercury into the ocean. Mercury isn t soluble in water, and it should have simply accumulated harmlessly at the bottom of the sea. But it didn t. 

There are a number of books and articles on general aspects of the coordination compounds of mercury annual surveys are published in Coordination Chemistry Reviews5 and the Annual Reports on the Progress of Chemistry, Section A (Inorganic Chemistry—Mercury).6 McAuliffe s book The Chemistry of Mercury covers the literature up to May 1975.7 The coordination chemistry of mercury(II) halides has been summarized by Dean, covering papers up to 1977.8 A review of dimercury(I) coordination compounds was published by Brodersen in 1981,9 and in the same year Grdeni6 reviewed bonding in the crystal structures of mercury compounds.10... 

Table 1 (a) Polycations with Oxidation Numbers Lower Than +1 and (b) Cluster Compounds of Mercury... 

Recently cluster compounds of mercury with an Hg3 ring, an Hg4 ring and an H octahedron with four capped tetrahedrally correlated faces have been described.29 413 1 18 Structural data are listed in Table 1. 

Nearly all nitrogen donor compounds form complexes of variable composition with mercury(II) compounds of all kinds. Since the literature of these coordination compounds of mercury(II) is listed up to May 1975 in McAuliffe s book,7 only some new complexes will be mentioned here. +... 

Even when conditions can he found which result in a distribution of isotopes in upper states, different from that in AIIg a reaction is still required which fixes this upper state distribution as stable compounds of mercury. Therefore, a developer reaction is required, which usually involves substrate molecules which contain Cl, O, OH, etc. Such reactive fragments, however, react not only with excited, but also with ground-state mercury atoms. Isotopic fractionation will therefore occur only in an isotopieally-specific primary process of the type ... 

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