Composite spinning

We consider next the case of two equivalent protons, for example, the CH2 group of ethanol. Each proton can have two possible spin states with Mi = 5, giving a total of four composite spin states. Just as in the case of electron spins, the.se com bine to give singlet and triplet nuclear-spin stales willi M = () and I, respectively. 

The development went further to produce much finer fibers composed of monofilaments less than 0.7 denier. Here ultra-fiber technology was developed on the basis of various composite spinning methods as illustrated in Figs. 7 8. 

Hollow fiber membranes with a positively charged nanofiltration selective layer have been fabricated by using asymmetric microporous hollow fibers made from a Torlon PAI type as the porous substrate followed by a post-treatment with poly(ethyleneimine) [79]. The membrane structure and the surface properties can be tailored by adjusting the polymer dope composition, spinning conditions, and the posttreatment parameters. 

Antistatic and conductive nylon fibers with improved performance and durability can be prepared by spinning. Since most of conductive additives are inoiganic particles, conductive fibers are generally obtained by composite spinning. However, antistatic nylon fibers are laigely produced by blend spinning because lots of antistatic additives are organic materials. 

An antibacterial nylon filament yam was also prepared by composite spinning with antibacterial zeolite into which silver ions have been replaced. Toyobo[103] prepared a non-elution type antibacterial and odor preventing nylon fiber in which a quaternary ammonium salt is bonded to the fiber via organosilicon. 

Manufacturing methods Microcapsule solution spinning Microcapsule solution spinning PEG filled the hollow fibers Aliphatic polyesters melt composite spinning... 

The fibres made through the microencapsulated PCM composition spinning method also have some disadvantages such as a relatively low latent heat value and very complicated operation. In addition, particle size and size distribution of microencapsulated PCMs also affect the spinnability and mechanical properties of thermo-regulating fibres. This method is restrained in large-scale applications. 

Research is in progress to use electron spin resonance (ESR) to characterize the interior surfaces in composites. Spin probes are to be deposited near the interface of a fiber/polymer matrix composite, and ESR is to be used to monitor the local orientation of the spin probes. The goal is to assess the spatial range of the interphase and to understand how the mechanical load is transferred from the fiber to the matrix. 

Key words integrated composite spinning (ICS), Bobtex, hybrid yarns. 

The following sections briefly describe the history of the Bobtex Integrated Composite Spinning Process and the transition from a concept into a machine which was capable of creating yams with staple fibers at significantly higher speeds than any machine available at that time or indeed today... 

Two component composite spinning. Based on Bobkowicz and Bobkowicz (1970a). 

Bobkowicz A.J. (1975b), Bobtex integrated composite spinning yarns applications and possible offsprings. Modem Textiles, June. 

Bobkowicz A.J. and Slanik J. (1978), Bobtex integrated composite spinning new use of fibers and polymer alloys to modify filaments surface, Canadian Textile Journal, May. 

Mohamed M.H., Rochow T.G. and Heeralal R. (1974), Some structural and physical properties of yarn made on the integrated composite spinning system. Part II Three-component yarn. Textile Research Journal, 44,206-213. 

Given the two spin-Lewis structures in (4.46), one can envision the composite spin hybrid as having average bond order of two, correctly indicative of bond... 

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