Composite fully biodegradable

Packaging materials that are fully biodegradable also involves the requirement of hot melt adhesive compositions that are biodegradable (35). The fundamental characteristics, general physical and mechanical behavior, and the recent developments in the knowledge of hot melt adhesives have been reviewed (36). 

Most of the previous research on natural fibre composites has focused on reinforcements such as flax, hemp, sisal and jute, and thermoplastic and thermoset matrices. Some of these composites have been produced using matrices made of derivatives from cellulose, starch and lactic acid to develop fully biodegradable composites or biocomposites [52]. The emerging diversity of applications of natural fibre composites has seen the production of sandwich structures based on natural fibre composite skins (see Fig. 23.10). 

M.Q. Zhang, M.Z. Rong, X. Lu. Fully biodegradable natural fiber composites from renewable resources all-plant fiber composites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 65, 2514-2525 (2005). 

A. Bourmaud, Y.-M. Corre, C. Baley, Fully biodegradable composites use of poly-(butylene-succinate) as a matrix and to plasticize l-poly-(lactide)-flax blends, Indnstrial Crops and Prodncts 64 (1) (2015) 251-257. 

Due to the increasing commercial interest for natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites as well as demands for environment friendly materials, the development of fully biodegradable plant fiber-PLA composites is on the rise. Different natural plant fibers have been employed with PLA to produce composites. The most studied natural fiber reinforcements for PLA were kenaf [10, 21-23], flax [24, 25], hemp [26], bamboo [27], jute [28], abaca [29], pineapple leaf [9], and wood fibers (WF) [30, 31]. In addition to these conventional plant fibers, recently reed fibers have been used for preparation of PLA composites [31]. 

A fully biodegradable composite consisting of both biodegradable fibers and soy-based resin was developed in 1999 [22]. Luo and Netravali called fully biodegradable and sustainable composites made from natural fibers and biodegradable resins, truly green composites. In recent years, green composites have been fabricated... 

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