Water-soluble ruthenium complex RuCl2

More recently, catalytic hydrogenations of alkenes by other catalysts in water have been explored. For example, water-soluble ruthenium complex RuCl2(TPPTS)3 has been used for the catalytic hydrogenation of unsaturated alkenes (and benzene). Hydrogenation of nonactivated alkenes catalyzed by water-soluble ruthenium carbonyl clusters was reported in a biphasic system. The tri-nuclear clusters undergo transformation during reaction but can be reused repeatedly without loss of activity. The organometallic aqua complex [Cp Ir (H20)3] " ... 

Water-soluble ruthenium complexes RuHCl(tppts)3, RuCl2(tppts)3, RUH2 (tppts)3, or the rhodium complex RhCl(PTA)3, are also effective catalysts for the hydrogenation of the carbonyl function of aldehydes [16], carbohydrates [17], and keto acids [13], provided that the iodide salt Nal is added for ruthenium complexes. 

Water-soluble ruthenium vinylidene and allenylidene complexes were also synthetized in the reaction of [ RuC12(TPPMS)2 2] and phenylacetylene or diphenylpropargyl alcohol [29], The mononuclear Ru-vinylidene complex [RuCl2 C=C(H)Ph (TPPMS)2] and the dinuclear Ru-allylidene derivative [ RuCl( x-Cl)(C=C=CPh2)(TPPMS)2 2] both catalyzed the cross-olefin metathesis of cyclopentene with methyl acrylate to give polyunsaturated esters under mild conditions (Scheme 7.10). 

The water soluble tertiary phosphine complex of ruthenium(II), [RuCl2(PTA)4], (PTA=l,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) was used as catalyst precursor for the hydrogenation of CO2 and bicarbonate in aqueous solution [51]. For this relatively... 

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