Commercial rechargeable batteries characteristic performance

Tables 1 and 2 contain characteristics of various primary and secondary battery systems, respectively. Table 3 contains performance parameters for promising rechargeable battery systems in various stages of research and commercial development.

Lithium-ion batteries have been commercially available for over 2 decades and currently represent state-of-the-art power source for all modem consumer electronic devices. Due to its advanced chemistry, Li-ion cells exhibit superior performance characteristics over most other rechargeable battery systems. The lithium-ion technology offers a high energy and power density, long life, and reliability that makes it attractive for electric drive vehicle (EDV), military, and aerospace fields, and large format Li-ion cells and battery packs are currently under development for such applications. 

Furthermore, these values are for the commercially available rechargeable batteries, which were designed, developed, and tested before 2000. Obviously, one will find further improvement in the characteristics and performance capabilities of rechargeable batteries because of rapid advances of the Ni-MH and Li batteries designed and developed after 2005. One will notice significant performance improvement, particularly in the case of Li batteries, which come in four distinct categories Li (monopolar), Li (bipolar), Li (polymer), and Li (using polymeric electrolyte). 

Table 4.3 Performance Characteristics of Rechargeable Batteries Widely Used for Commercial Transport Vehicles...

Performance surveys of various rechargeable batteries indicate that the vented Ag-Zn, Ni-Cd, and lead-acid batteries offer unique performance in terms of watts/ kg, watt-hour/kg, cycle life, and calendar life. These secondary batteries are best suited for both commercial and military aircraft and other aerospace applications. Their outstanding performance characteristics are summarized in Table 7.4. 

The LiMnOj battery is the most popular lithium battery, and it is produced worldwide by more than 14 manufacturers. The battery cells are available in a wide range of sizes, shapes, and capacities. Types of construction features for this battery include coin shape, cylindrical bobbin, cylindrical wound, cylindrical D cell configuration, and prismatic feature. Performance characteristics of commercially available LiMn204 rechargeable batteries are summarized in Table 8.2. 

Specific energy (Wh/kg), energy density (Wh/L), longevity (operating hours), and self-discharge (percent per month) and specific power (W/kg) are given serious consideration in the selection of rechargeable power batteries for commercial applications. Performance characteristics of commercial batteries are summarized in Table 1.2. 

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