Column packings Berl saddles

Efficient solvent separation is indicated by absence of yellow color in the distillate. An 18-in. column packed with Berl saddles is satisfactory. 

The checkers used an 18-in. column packed with Berl saddles. 

Laurie acid, m.p. 44°, was prepared from the commercial acid obtained from Armour and Company, Chicago, Illinois. The acid was recrystallized twice from acetone at —40° (10 ml. of acetone per gram of acid) and distilled under reduced pressure through a well-insulated, electrically heated 30 by 1 in. column packed with -in. Berl saddles. Pure lauric acid has a boiling point of 167-168°/8 mm. and nff 1.4316. The Eastman Kodak Company grade of lauric acid melting at 43 4° is satisfactory. 

Oxetane (1.3-trimethylene oxide) [503-30-0] M 58.1, b 45-46°/736mm, 47-49°/atm, 48°/760mm, d4° 0.892, n2D°1.395. Distd from sodium metal. Also purified by preparative gas chromatography using a 2m silica gel column. Alternatively add KOH pellets (50g for lQOg of oxetane) and distil through a column packed with l/4in Berl Saddles and the main portion boiling at 45-50° is collected and redistd over fused KOH. [Noller Org Synth Coll Vol III 835 7955 Dittmer et al. JACS 79 4431 1957]. 

Berl Saddles. P ieces of chemical porcelain, chemical stoneware or carbon in the shape of saddles, used for packing absorption tower or distn columns. They are manufd under trade name "Intalox Saddles" by the US Stoneware Co, Akron 9, Ohio... 

A schematic process flow sheet is shown in Figure 2. Inlet gas, a mixture of methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide at 100°F and 500 psia (stream 1) is successively cooled to -140°C by the outlet gas stream from the absorber and some recycle gas. The absorber is a packed column of 1-in. berl saddles with 50% void fraction. The rich liquid from the bottom of the absorber is heat exchanged with the bottom liquid from the stripper. The stripper is also a packed column with 1-in. berl saddles. The dissolved methane, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide is stripped out by heating at the bottom of the stripper. The outlet gas stream from the stripper is heated in a heat exchanger by a recycle gas stream and is further compressed to produce the final methane product at 100°F and 1000 psia. 

Figure 1 shows the experimental apparatus used. The glass column (1), of inner diameter 62 mm is packed to a height of 1 m with Berl saddles (6.4 mm). The column operates with a countercurrent at a pressure up to 1.5 MPa. The water is fed into the column from a tank (2) maintained at a higher pressure than the operating pressure. Nitrogen is fed into the bottom of the column from a gas cylinder (20.0 MPa). 

The most commonly used types of columns are plate columns, Vigreux columns, packed columns (packed with such materials as Raschig rings, Berl saddles, fibrous glass etc)... 

Specchia et al.32 measured gas liquid interfacial area and liquid-phase mass-transfer coefficients in an 8-cm-diameter packed column. Three types of packing, glass spheres, Berl saddles, and ceramic rings, all of 6 mm, were examined. Superficial velocities of 14 through 221 cm s 1 and 0.25 through 4.3 cm s 1 were used for the gas and liquid phase, respectively. The gas-liquid interfacial area was correlated to the pressure drop by an expression... 

Sater and Levenspiel43 studied an air-water system in a 10.16-cm-i.d. glass column packed with either 1.27-cm ceramic Berl saddles or 1.27-cm Raschig rings to a height of 3.66 m. Iodine-131 was used as liquid-phase tracer. The dynamic liquid holdup data obtained under trickle-flow conditions correlated well with the above Eq. (8-3) of Otake and Okada.38... 

Shulman et al.48 measured wetted area for 1.27-cm and 3.81-cm Raschig rings and 1.27-cm and 2.54-cm Berl saddles packed in a column operating under countercurrent-flow (air-water) conditions. The results were well correlated by the following relations ... 

A schematic of this process is shown in Figure 128 [123]. It starts in the extraction column 1 fed with furfural at the top, and with oil somewhere below the middle. The principal part of the column is packed with RASCHIG rings or BERL saddles to aid in mass transfer, and each end features a separation chamber without packing. 

A mixture of 1000 g. (6.75 moles) of ethyl orthoformate, 1260 g. (12.3 moles) of acetic anhydride, 960 g. (6.0 moles) of ethyl malonate, and 0.5 g. of anhydrous zinc chloride is prepared in a 5-1. three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, a gas inlet tube, and a 12-in. column packed with Berl Saddles (Note 1). The column is attached to a still head and condenser. The contents of the flask are well agitated for 5 minutes by a stream of dry air and then heated (Note 2) as follows 102-115° for lYi hours, 115-127° for 7 hours [after the eighth hour of heating, 250... 

Figure 3-21. Column packing materials. From left to right Glass beads. Rashig rings. Berl saddles. Protruded metal.

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