Colloid and surface science

H. van Olphen and K. J. Mysels, Physical Chemistry Enriching Topics from Colloid and Surface Science, Theorex (8327 La Jolla Scenic Drive), La Jolla, CA, 1975. 

To first order, the dispersion (a-a) interaction is independent of the structure in a condensed medium and should be approximately pairwise additive. Qualitatively, this is because the dispersion interaction results from a small perturbation of electronic motions so that many such perturbations can add without serious mutual interaction. Because of this simplification and its ubiquity in colloid and surface science, dispersion forces have received the most significant attention in the past half-century. The way dispersion forces lead to long-range interactions is discussed in Section VI-3 below. Before we present this discussion, it is useful to recast the key equations in cgs/esu units and SI units in Tables VI-2 and VI-3. 

Fliemenz P C and Ra]agopalan R 1997 Principles of Colloid and Surface Chemistry 3rd edn (New York Marcel Dekker) General textbook on colloid and surface science, including details about characterization methods Flunter R J 1987 and 1989 Foundations of Colloid Science vols I and II (Oxford Clarendon Press)... 

Miller, A.C. and Knowlton, M.T., 74th Colloid and Surface Science Symposium, Paper 248, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, June 19-21,2000. 

Frisch, H.L., Physical Chemistry Enriching Topics on Colloid and Surface Science, Chapter 10, Theorax,... 

Rathman, I.F., 1996, Current Opinion in Colloid and Surface Science 1, 514. 

Proceedings of the International Conference on Colloid and Surface Science, Tokyo, Japan, November 5-8, 2000... 

Kostarelos, K. (2003) Rational design and engineering of delivery systems for therapeutics biomedical exercises in colloid and surface science. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 106, 147-168. 

Antioxidant-potentiality of gold-chitosan nanocomposites. Colloids and Surface Science B, 32, 117-123. 

Brayner, R., Coradin, T., Vaulay, M.-J., Mangeney, C., Livage, J. and Fievet, F. (2005) Preparation and characterization of metal (Au)- and bimetallic alloys (AuNi)-gelatin nanocomposites. Colloids and Surface Science A, 256, 191-197. 

Hogg, R. Mirville, R. J. "Adsorption of Macromolecules at Solid-Liquid Interfaces" presented at 56th Colloid and Surface Science Symposium, Blacksburg, VA (1982). 

Conference on Colloid and Surface Science", Wolfram, E., Ed. Academic Kado Budapest, 1976 p.473-Birdi, K. S. Backlund, S. Sorensen, K. Krag, T. Dalsager S. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 198O, 76, 2035. 

The van der Waals interaction. As the protein comes close to the surface, the van der Waals interaction, between the two bodies may become important. In colloid and surface science, this interaction is included in the Hamaker constant and may also be incorporated in the interaction between a protein and a charged surface [34-36]. 

In colloid and surface science we are interested in calculating the van der Waals interaction between macroscopic bodies, such as spherical particles and planar surfaces. If the dispersion interaction, for example, were additive we could sum the total interaction between every molecule in a body with that in another. Thus, if the separation distance between any two molecules i and f in a system is... 

Schechter, R.S., presented at 59th Annual ACS Colloid and Surface Science Symposium, Potsdam, New York, June, 1985. 

Developed from a symposium sponsored by the ACS Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry at the 59th Colloid and Surface Science Symposium and the 5th International Conference on Surface and Colloid Science,... 

The paradoxical situation just described means that it is entirely possible for a science or an engineering student to have completed a course in physical chemistry and still not have any clear idea of what colloid and surface science are about. A book like this one is therefore in the curious position of being simultaneously advanced and introductory. Our discussions are often advanced in the sense of building on topics from physical chemistry. At the same time, we have to describe the phenomena under consideration pretty much from scratch since they are largely unfamiliar. In keeping with this, this chapter is concerned primarily with a broad description of the scope of colloid and surface science and the kinds of variables with which they deal. In subsequent chapters different specific phenomena are developed in detail. 

It should be evident from the partial list of examples summarized in Table 1.1 how many materials or phenomena of current scientific or everyday interest touch on colloid and surface science to some extent. Many of these areas, of course, have enormous technological and/or theoretical facets that are totally outside our perspective. Nevertheless, all share a common interest in small particles and/or large molecules. 

Life sciences provide a fascinating array of examples in which colloid and surface science plays a vital (pun intended ) role in maintaining and promoting supramolecular structures and processes that sustain life. A specific example is the phospholipid bilayers that form the walls of biological cells and separate the interior of the cells from the rest of the environment (see Fig. 1.2 see also Chapter 8, Section 11). These bilayers arise from self-assembly of component molecules, each of which consists of a hydrophilic head group... 

In addition to illustrating the importance of colloid and surface science in biological and life sciences, this vignette draws our attention to the importance of phenomena peculiar to surfactant systems. We discuss in Chapters 7 and 8 the behavior of surfactants in solutions and their tendency to self-assemble when dissolved in water or in water-oil mixtures. 

Many of the crucial problems for research and development in this area are the same as those encountered in other areas of colloid and surface science. There are questions that need to be addressed. How do particles interact when they are repeatedly and forcefully packed... 

The questions of interest to an engineer in this case are How do the initial concentration, the particle size, and the nature of the interparticle potential affect the structure of the dispersion, the structure of the final specimen, and the processing time How long does the process take What kinds of chemical additives are suitable The permeability and the capillary suction in the mold determine the rate of production of the specimens. How does one adjust the two to optimize production These questions require a basic understanding of colloid and surface science and phenomena. 

In the preface to the first edition, I stated that this is "primarily a textbook, written with student backgrounds, needs, and objectives in mind." This continues to be true of the second edition, and many of the revisions I have made are attempts to make the book even more useful than its predecessor to student readers. In addition, colloid and surface science continue to flourish. In preparing the second edition I have also attempted to "open up" the coverage to include some of the newer topics from an ever-broadening field. 

Institute of Colloid and Surface Science, Clarkson College of Technology, Potsdam, N. Y. 

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Manual on Colloid and Surface Science, Butterworths, London, 1972. 

Parsegian, V. A. In Enriching Topics from Colloid and Surface Science" ... 

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