Collagen peptides from

Weidner and Engel142 used the relatively short collagen peptide al-CB2 as a model peptide for kinetic measurements. They observed that the rate at the beginning of the helix formation, starting from purely coiled chains, obeys the following equation ... 

What interactions are responsible for the predominance of Pn in small oligo(Ala) peptides Does it originate from the interaction ofwater molecules with the peptide backbone as suggested from X-ray structures of collagen peptides (Berisio et al., 2000 Kramer et al., 1998) Or dipole-dipole interactions within the backbone itself Or from steric effects as proposed by Pappu et al. (2000) ... 

Volpin D and Veis A (1973) Cyanogen bromide peptides from insoluble skin and dentin bovine collagens. Biochemistry 12, 1452-1464. 

In our first experiments, we had to find the size gf collagen peptide most amenable to the Quadrol program. The upper limit of the size of a peptide is determined by the amount of peptide that can be introduced into the spinning cup. Thickness of the film resulting from application of more than 10 mg of protein will interfere with the procedures of dissolving, reaction, extraction, and drying. However, the degradation should be started with approximately 300 nM of protein in order that the reaction can be extended to 40—60 identifiable residues. 

B. Peptides from fish skin collagen and gelatin 238... 

Gelatin is derived from the fibrous protein collagen, which is the principal constituent of animal skin, bone, and connective tissue. Fish skin waste could be used as a potential source to isolate collagen and gelatin. Zhu et al. (2010) evaluated the effect of collagen peptides on markers of metabolic nuclear receptors. 

Volpin, D., Veis, A. Isolation and characterization of the cyanogen-bromide peptides from the al and a2 chains of acid-soluble bovine skin collagen. Biochemistry 10, 1751 (1971)... 

Within the extracellular space two procollagen peptidases act to cleave a 35-kDa peptide from the C terminus631 and a 20-kDa peptide from the N-terminal end of each of the three chains of the secreted procollagen. The amino acid composition of the peptides removed is quite unlike that of the remaining collagen monomer (also called tropocollagen) which contains one-third glycine and much proline. 

Yonath, A., and Traub, W. (1975). Crystallization of cyanogen bromide peptides from chick cartilage collagen. FEBS Lett. 57, 93-95. 

In their methodological concept, Mueller et al. (2003) discern between free and peptide-bound collagen crosslinks from urine samples of patients displaying different skeletal diseases, and argue that this discrimination might further characterize the underlying disorder. 

Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells found on the endosteal surface of bone, in Haversian systems and periosteal surfaces. PTH activates osteoclasts (indirectly via osteoblasts that possess PTH receptors). Calcitonin is a potent inhibitor of osteoclast activity. Local cytokine factors, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumour-necrosis factor (TNF), TGF- 0 and interferon-y (INF-y), are important regulators. Osteoclast resorption of bone releases collagen peptides, pyridinoline cross-links and calcium from the bone matrix, through the action of lysosomal enzymes (collagenases and cathepsins). The collagen breakdown products in serum and urine (e.g. hydroxyproline) can be used as biochemical markers. 

Peptides from Acid and Basic Hydrolysates of Collagen and Gelatin ... 

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