Cohesins

FIG. 5. The APC-separin pathway. A model illustrating how APC01020 initiates anaphase through the activation of separin and subsequent cleavage of a cohesin subunit. 

The non-cleavage pathway would remove most cohesin during prophase/ pro-metaphase by an as yet obscure mechanism. This pathway could involve phosphorylation of a cohesin subunit by mitotic protein kinases, because vertebrate cohesins rebind to chromatin in telophase when mitotic kinases are inactivated and chromosomes decondense (Losada et al 1998). The dissociation of cohesin from chromatin during prophase coincides with, but does not depend on, the association of condensin with chromosomes. This first phase of cohesin removal may be crucial (possibly along with the arrival of... 

Blat Y, Kleckner N 1999 Cohesins bind to preferential sites along yeast chromosome III, with differential regulation along arms versus the centric region. Cell 98 249-259... 

Ciosk R, Shirayama M, Shevchenko A, Tanaka T, Toth A, Shevchenko A, Nasmyth K 2000 Cohesin s binding to chromosomes depends on a separate complex consisting of Scc2 and Scc4 proteins. Mol Cell 5 243—254... 

Klein F, Mahr P, Galova M et al 1999 A central role for cohesins in sister chromatid cohesion, formation of axial elements, and recombination during yeast meiosis. Cell 98 91-103... 

Uhlmann F, Lottspeich F, Nasmyth K 1999 Sister-chromatid separation at anaphase onset is promoted by cleavage of the cohesin subunit Sccl. Nature 400 37-42 vanHeemst D, James F, Poggeler S, Berteaux-Lecellier V, ZicklerD 1999 Spo76p is a conserved chromosome morphogenesis protein that links the mitotic and meiotic programs. Cell 98 261-271... 

Waizenegger IC, Hauf S, Meinke A, Peters J-M 2000 Two distinct pathways remove mammalian cohesin from chromosome arms in prophase and from centromeres in anaphase. Cell 103 399—... 

Kuhiak Listening to your paper I understood that mitotic, not meiotic, cohesins could be the ideal targets for cytostatic factor (CSF) in vertebrate cells. 

Kubiak If CSF acts on cohesins, this could concern only the mitotic version of cohesin. We introduced CSF into metaphase I oocytes of mice, and it didn t disturb the metaphasel/anaphase I transition (Ciemerych Kubiak 1998). 

Nasmyth I m not sure that it is necessarily cohesins. The APC probably changes between the first and second division. I am sure that there are a lot of differences in the activity of the APC between meiosis I and meiosis II. There are all sorts of things that have to be destroyed in the first division in order to do the second division. 

Nurse Another difference is that the mitotic cohesin persists in fission yeast meiosis, which is not the case in budding yeast. I think what is exciting about this, however, are the similarities, so we shouldn t get too worried by the differences. We have talked a lot about cohesin, but I wondered whether it might be worth having some discussion of the S phase suppression. 

Anderson DE, Losada A, Erickson HP, Hirano T (2002) Condensin and cohesin display different arm conformations with characteristic hinge angles. J Cell Biol 156 419-424... 

Ueda K, Kinoshita Y, Xu ZJ, Ide N, Ono M, Akahori Y, Tanaka I, Inoue M (2000) Unusual core histones specifically expressed in male gametic cells of Lilium longiflorum. Chromosoma 108 491—500 Unal E, Arbel-Eden A, Sattler U, Shroff R, Lichten M, Haber JE, Koshland D (2004) DNA damage response pathway uses histone modification to assemble a double-strand break-specific cohesin domain. Mol Cell 16 991-1002... 

Within the cellulosome complex, type I dockerin domain is responsible for incorporating its associated glycosyl hydrolase in the bacterial cellulosome via interaction with a reception domain, the cohesin domain. The three-dimensional solution structure of the 69-residue dockerin domain from the thermophilic Clostridium thermocellum (Topt = 55-65 °C) was solved by NMR and was found to consist of two Ca " -binding loop-helix motifs connected by a linker. Each Ca " -binding subdomain is stabilized by a cluster of buried hydrophobic sidechains. Recently, the NMR sequence-specific resonance assignment of type II cohesin module from C. thermocellum has been published. ... 

SNF2h/cohesin/ hSnfZh hRAD21 SMCl, SMC3, SA1/SA2, Loading of cohesion complex components onto chromatin, chromosome... 

Hakimi, M.A., Bochar, D.A., Schmiesing, J.A., Dong, Y., Barak, O.G., Speicher, D.W., Yokomori, K., and Shiekhattar, R. (2002) A chromatin remodelling complex that loads cohesin onto human chromosomes. Nature 418, 994-998. 

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