Cognitive outcome

Moser VC, McDaniel KL, Harris MW, et al Neurobehavioral and cognitive outcomes of perinatal/juvenile exposure to heptachlor in rats. Neurotoxicology 22(1) 148-149, 2001... 

For measurement of cognitive outcomes in Alzheimer s disease, the MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination) instrument, scored out of 30 (best), is used. Mild Alzheimer s disease is usually associated with an MMSE of 21-26. Moderate Alzheimer s disease is usually associated with an MMSE of 10-20 (NICE, 2006). 

In our current research project we have identified a series of cognitive outcomes that are defined as active thinking skills. It is not just logical deduction that is necessary to handle more complex and messy social problems but, rather, complex thinking skills. We are exploring a variety of tests and ways of measuring this. The disposition to think critically is one of these skills and is composed of attributes that include openness to new ideas and inquisitiveness. It would seem that these dispositions are particularly important for scientists to possess. 

Neurodevelopmental and cognitive outcomes among prenatally cocaine exposed children have been documented by measuring school performance in 62 cocaine-exposed and 73 control children who were students at an American inner-city school (328). The children were followed prospectively from birth to the end of the 4th grade. Their report cards, standardized test results, teacher and parent reports, and birth and early childhood data were... 

Bond R, Rerkasem K, Shearman CP et al. (2004c). Time trends in the published risks of stroke and death due to endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis. Cerebrovascular Diseases 18 37-46 Bossema ER, Brand N, Moll EL et al. (2005). Perioperative microembolism is not associated with cognitive outcome three months after carotid endarterectomy. European Journal of Vascular Endovascular Surgery 29 262-268... 

At the age of 42 months, follow-up evaluations included both neurological and cognitive outcomes (Lanting et al. 1998c Patandin et al. 1999). The neurological evaluation was comprised of an age-... 

Eighty years after the discovery of PKU, the pathogenesis of brain dysfunction and the exact mechanisms of phenylalanine neurotoxicity have yet to be elucidated. Although there is a common agreement about the relationship between blood phenylalanine concentration and cognitive outcome in PKU, the concentration of phenylalanine... 

Channon S, et al. Effects of dietary management of phenylketonuria on long-term cognitive outcome. Arch Dis Child. 2007 92(3) 213-8. 

Widaman KF, Azen C. Relation of prenatal phenylalanine exposure to infant and childhood cognitive outcomes results from the International Maternal PKU Collaborative Study. Pediatrics. 2003 112(6 Pt 2) 1537-43. 

Gropman AL, Batshaw ML. Cognitive outcome in urea cycle disorders. Mol Genet Metab. 2004 81 Suppl l S58-62. 

In our research we tried to take into account validated cognitive outcomes to build an embryonic CID model [31]. The premisses of this model and their theoretical underpinnings will be discussed along the following questions ... 

Cervilla, J. A., Prince, M., Joels, S., Lovestone, S., Mann, A. (2000). Long-term predictors of cognitive outcome in a cohort of older people with hypertension. The British Journal of... 

Battino D. Cognitive outcome after exposure to antiepileptic drugs in utero. Lancet Neurol 2009 8(7) 600-1. 

A review in the neonatology literature looked at the question of transfusion threshold in extremely low birth weight infants [14 ]. The author highlights that early follow-up on cognitive outcomes favours liberal transfusion strategy however, childhood studies favour restrictive transfusion strategy. 

Smith, M.M., Durkin, M., Hinton, V.J. et al (2003) Influence ofbreastfeeding on cognitive outcomes at age 6-8 years follow-up of very low birth weight infants. Am. J. Epidemiol, 158,1075-1082. 

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