Cognitive decline, prevention

Recent trials do not support the use of estrogen to prevent or treat cognitive decline. 

Vitamins B12 and B6 have preventive effects against age-related chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, and cognitive decline... 

Losartan was proved to be more effective for stroke prevention in patients with hypertension and LVH than the beta adrenoceptor blocker atenolol in the LIFE Study [8]. Furthermore, losartan in a comparative trial with hydrochlorothiazide/ atenolol [38], valsartan [39] were shown to inhibit the cognitive decline associated with hypertension in the elderly patients. 

The question as to whether the differences in efficacy (a few mmHg) among the ARBs translates to meaningful end-points (e.g., reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality) remains to be answered by further clinical pharmacological trials. It is possible, however, that ARBs may have further potential indications in the prevention of cognitive decline. 

Erkinjuntti T, Kurz A, Gauthier S et al. (2002). Efficacy of galanthamine in probable vascular dementia and Alzheimer s disease combined with cerebrovascular disease a randomised trial. Lancet 359 1283-1290 Feigin V, Ratnasabapathy Y, Anderson G (2005). Does blood pressure lowering treatment prevent dementia or cognitive decline in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease Journal of Neurology Science 15 151-155... 

Das UN. Can perinatal supplementation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids prevent atopy, bronchial asthma and other in-flanunatory conditions Med. Sci. Monit. 2006 12 RA99-RA111. Beydotm MA, Kaufman JS, Satia JA, Rosamond W, Folsom AR. Plasma n-3 fatty acids and the risk of cognitive decline in older adults the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Ant J. CUn. Nutr. 2007 87 1103-1111. 

Yang HJ, Hwang JT, Kwon DY, Kim MJ, Kang S, Moon NR et al (2013) Yuzu extract prevents cognitive decline and impaired glucose homeostasis in p-amyloid-infused rats. J Nutr 143 1093-1099... 

Boutajangout A, Quartermain D, Sigurdsson EM (2010) Immunotherapy targeting pathological tau prevents cognitive decline in a new tangle mouse model. J Neurosci 30 16559-16566... 

Dacks PA, Shineman DW, Fillit HM (2013) Current evidence for the clinical use of long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 latty acids to prevent age-related cognitive decline and... 

The Heart Protection and PROSPER results do draw into question preventative effects of statins on dementia. On the other hand, the CHS study raises the possibility that statins may beneficially impact the rate of cognitive changes. Cardiovascular-based studies only indirectly measure the impact on dementia since most cardiovascular studies exclude patients with dementia and cardiovascular trials employ cognitive tests that are relatively insensitive for populations that are not aheady demented. Eurthermore, assessment of cognitive decline in patients aheady suffering from cognitive deficits remains a critical component to the effective treatment of AD. 

Apple nutraceutical potential has been acknowledged for a long time some of its skin components have been associated with the prevention of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary function failures, and age-related cognitive decline. Apple peel contains high concentrations of antioxidant polyphenolics, apigenin among them that has been associated with antiinflammatory, antispasmodic, and antioxidant activities. It has been proved to induce apoptosis and to inhibit breast and ovarian cancer [12,13]. Other... 

Ligthart, S.A., Moll van Charante, E.P., Van Gool, W.A., and Richard, E., 2010. Treatment of cardiovascular risk factors to prevent cognitive decline and dementia a systematic review. Vascular Health and Risk Management. 6 775-785. 

Fig. 47.1 Effect of nicotine on AP-induced deficits in spatial shoit-teim memory and long-term memory performance in the RAWM. On days 6-8 of testing, chronic nicotine treatment (1 mg/ kg s.c. twice/day for 6 weeks prior to and during Ap infusion) prevented the AP-induced cognitive decline. All values are mean S.E.M. (n = 12 rats/group) p < 0.05 compared to all groups...

To test the effect of resveratrol on Alzheimer s disease and tauopathies, the inducible p25 transgenic mouse model [85, 86] was used. For this study, resveratrol was dosed via intra-cerebroventricular injection for 3 weeks, which prevented neurodegeneration in the hippocampus and cognitive decline [87]. Moreover, resveratrol reduced the extent of cell death caused by p25 in transfected primary neurons. SlRT-1 deacetylase was found to be involved in these resveratrol s neuroprotective effects in both the in vitro and in vivo studies. 

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