Cognition working memory

ADHD because cognitive functions known to be affected in this disorder, namely working memory and inhibitory control, are sensitive to manipulations of D1 receptor-mediated dopamine transmission [1]. Thus, the tonic component might be more critical for the behavioral functions of the FC. 

Problem solving is well known as a composite activity involving various cognitive functions that depend on the number and quality of available operative schemata in long-term memoiy (see below) and on working memory capacity (Stamovlasis ... 

Cognitive dysfunction is another symptom category that includes impaired attention, working memory, and executive function. 

The SGAs as first-line treatment have been shown to improve cognition (attention to tasks and improved working memory) over a 9-month period. 

Collectively, these results indicate that scopolamine has profound effects on cerebral activity, both in resting and cognitive task-activation conditions. Of particular note are effects on frontal and striatal activity, which could well account for impairments on cognitive abilities such as working memory. 

Sttuctural deficits such as those described, however, may contribute to the cognitive deficits observed in nicotine-deprived smokers (for review, see Heishman et al. 1994 Parrott et al. 1996). The differences in gray matter volumes and densities in the DLPFC between smokers and nonsmokers are of particular interest. The DLPFC plays an essential role in maintenance and manipulation of information in working memory (Callicott et al. 1999 D Esposito et al. 1999), and other cognitive domains (Richeson et al. 2003). Nicotine-deprived smokers exhibit performance deficits on tests of working memory (Mendrek et al. 2006), as well as altered activation in the DLPFC associated with working memory (Xu et al. 2005). 

Aged rhesus monkeys were assessed in several cognitive and motor tasks, acquisition of a visual object discrimination, reversal of a visual object discrimination, a delayed response task, a spatial working memory task, and a fine motor task. The S-HTj receptor antagonists ondansetron and SEC-579 at very low oral doses selectively enhanced acquisition of a visual object discrimination task but not the reversal or delayed tasks [Arnsten et al. 1997]. 

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