Codeine Sulfate

The physician s order reads codeine sulfate gr 1/4 (apodiecaries ). The drug container is labeled codeine sulfate 15 mg (metric). Grains must be converted to milligrams or milligrams converted to grains. 

A pharmacist had 10 g of codeine sulfate. If he used it in preparing 5 capsules each containing 0.025 g, 10 capsules each containing 0.010 g, and 12 capsules each containing 0.015 g, how many g of codeine sulfate were left after he prepared all the capsules ... 

Codeine sulfate (note the substances which are incompatible with codeine)... 

Parenteral 1, 2 mg/mL for injection Nasal (generic, Stadol NS) 10 mg/mL nasal spray Codeine (sulfate or phosphate) (generic)... 

Powell, M. F. (1986), Enhanced stability of codeine sulfate Effect of pH, buffer, and temperature on the degradation of codeine in aqueous solution,/. Pharm. Sci.,75, 901. 

OFFICIAL NAMES Codeine, codeine phosphate, codeine sulfate, methylmorphine... 

Codeine sulfate trihydrate Ammonium hydroxide Aluminum isopropoxide Potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate Palladium on carbon... 

Codeinone was prepared by oxidation of codeine sulfate trihydrate. A reaction mixture was prepared containing codeine sulfate trihydrate (10.4 g), deionized water (20 g) and isopropyl acetate (87.2 g) at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was agitated and the resultant mixture cooled to about 20°C. Concentrated ammonium hydroxide (18.0 g) was added in several portions and the mixture was maintained at a temperature of about 20°C with stirring. Sting was continued for about 15 min, and then a small portion of the aqueous layer was withdrawn to check for pH value, which was to be advantageously maintained between 11.0 and 12.0. The aqueous layer was... 

The codeine that occurs naturally in small amounts in opium is isolated from the aqueous morphine alkaloid mother liquors by immiscible extraction with a nonaqueous solvent. Dilute sulfuric acid is employed to extract the codeine sulfate from the nonaqueous solvent. This solution is evaporated, crystallized, and recrystallized. The alkaloid is precipitated from a sulfate solution by alkali and purified, if necessary, by alcoholic crystallization. It is converted into the phosphate by solution in phosphoric acid, evaporation, crystallization, centrifugation, and drying. 

Codeine Phosphate The presence of aspirin along with codeine, even at a low moisture level, leads to acetylation of codeine phosphate in solid dose forms and is incompatible.36 Codeine sulfate solutions are more stable than phosphate salts.37 Drug dependence and withdrawal resemble that of opioid analgesics. Overdose causes acute intoxication in children, as accidental or deliberate ingestion of cough preparations containing codeine.38... 

Severe pain may require administration of opioids, such as codeine sulfate or meperidine. 

Cobalt thiocyanate solution, 1169 Cobmnin, 496 Co-Betaloc, 663, 779 Cobutolin, 963 Coca, 489 Coca leaves, 385 Cocaine, 29, 489 Cocaine hydrochloride, 489 Cocainium chloride, 489 Co-Caps Penicillin V-K, 888 Cocculin, 902 Codeine, 29, 490, 525 -Codeine, 803 Codeine hydrochloride, 490 Codeine jV-oxide, xvii Codeine phosphate, 490 Codeine sulfate, 490 Codeine sulphate, 490 Codelcortone, 917 Codelcortone TBA, 918 Codelsol,918... 

A codeine-containing cough syrup lists codeine sulfate as a major ingredient instead of codeine. The Merck Index gives C36H44N20 oS as the formula for codeine sulfate. Describe the composition of codeine sulfate. (See Exercise 67.) Why is codeine sulfate used instead of codeine ... 

Many drugs and excipients (cephalexin monohydrate, quinidine sulfate dihydrate, ampicillin trihydrate, codeine sulfate trihydrate, morphine sulfate dihydrate, dicalcium phosphate trihydrate, raffinose pentahy-drate, lactose monohydrate) utilize water as an integral part of their crystal structure. Solids that form specific crystal hydrates tend to sorb relatively small amounts of water to their external surface below a characteristic relative humidity, when initially dried to an anhydrous... 

To remove the influence of the buffer, the reaction rate should be measured at a series of buffer concentrations at each pH and the data extrapolated back to zero concentration as shown in Fig. 4.8. If these extrapolated rate constants are plotted as a function of pH, the required buffer-independent pH-rate profile will be obtained. Figure 4.9 illustrates the simple type of pH-rate profile which is obtained with codeine sulfate. 

The following data were obtained for the hydrolytic rate constant, of codeine sulfate in aqueous buffer-free solution at 80°C... 

Figure 4.9 Log rate-pH profile for the degradation of codeine sulfate in buffer-free solutions at 60°C.

In our treatment of the degradation of codeine sulfate we have not yet considered any effect which changes in its ionisation might have on its stability. Codeine has a plC of 8.2 at 25°C and so its ionisation state will change over the pH range 6-10. With this particular dmg, the stability was not affected by any such changes. This is not the case with many drugs, however, and complex pH-rate profiles are often produced because of the... 

By way of illustration we will look at the case of the hydrolysis of mecillinam (XII), which is an antimicrobially active amidopenicillamic acid. This amphoteric dmg can exist as a cation, which we can write as MHJ, as a zwitterion MH or as an anion M. Figure 4.10 shows the pH-rate profile at zero buffer concentration. The reason this plot is so much more complex than that of codeine sulfate is that each of the species present in solution can undergo specific acid-base catalysis to var 4ng extents and so each contributes to the overall profile shown in Fig. 4.10. 

Codeine Sulfate, USP. Ctxleine sulfate is prepared by neutralizing an aqueous suspension of codeine with diluted sulfuric acid and then effecting crystallization. It cK Curs us white cry.stals. usually needle-like, or as a white cry.stalline powder. The salt is efflorescent and light sensitive. It is. soluble in water (1 30. 1 6.S at 80°). much less soluble in alcohol (1 1.280). and insoluble in ether or chloroform. This salt of codeine is prescribed frequently but is not as suitable os the pho.sphate for liquid preparations. Solutions of the sulfate and the phosphate are incompatible with alkaloidal reagents and alkaline sub.stances. 

Codafen Continus codeine, co-danthramer danthron poloxamer 188. co-danthrusate danthron docusate sodium, codeine [ban, usan] (codeine phosphate (ban, jan, usan) codeine sulfate (usan) methylmorphine Diarrest ... 

Codeine (sulfate, phosphate), CSS II Hydromorphone HC1 (Dilaudid) CSS II Levorphanol tartrate (Levo-Dromoran) CSS II Meperidine (Demerol) Synthetic narcotic CSS II Fentanyl (Duragesic, Sublimaze) CSS II... 

---