Cockroaches Lepidoptera

The optically active Trogoderma -pheromones ( )- and (Z)-24have been synthesized starting from (5)-citronellol and 4-pentynoic acid [192], Alkatrienes 25, sex attractants of Lepidoptera, were prepared by mixed Kolbe electrolysis with linolenoic acid [193], 26, the pheromone of the German cockroach Blattela Germanica has been prepared from 3-methylheneicosanoic acid [194], ( ) — Tuberculostearic acid (27) has been... 

Additional ocurrences as follows Pteridines occur in other Lepidoptera (204,310,311), Diptera (312), and Hemiptera (107,313,314), and other insects (50,315). Uric acid is found in other Drosophila species (253,316), other cockroaches (285,287-292), and other insects (317-321). Guanine occurs in other scorpions (322-324), spiders (322,325,326), and ticks (308,327). 

It was recognized by the mid-1980s that Lepidoptera regulated pheromone production through a different mechanism than flies, cockroaches and beetles... 

Chemical Name ethyl 2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethylcarbamate ethyl[2-(/>phcnoxy)ethyl - carbamate Uses insecticide to control lepidoptera, scale insects, andpsyllids on fruit, cotton and ornamentals and also cockroaches, fleas, mosquito larvae, and fire ants in public health situations. 

Research Needs. Over the years L-ascorbic acid has been shown to be an essential nutrient for many insects including species of Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera. Others such as cockroaches, houseflies, and mealworms are reared on simple diets without added ascorbic acid. Perhaps those insects require very low levels of vitamin C in their diets. A sensitive analytical method is needed to measure levels of L-ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid in insect tissue and food. Such a method, which is likely to be developed using HPLC with electrochemical detection, could be used to monitor vitamin C levels in feed ingredients as well as in tissues during an insect s life cycle. This information is needed to determine whether ascorbic acid is used to... 

There are also many other types of compounds (11.33) used by insects other than Lepidoptera as sex pheromones. The methyl esters of L-valine and L-isoleucine are used by the cranberry white grub,157 periplanone B by cockroaches, ipsdienol by bark beetles,158 and dean by the olive fruit fly 159 jsocoumarjn is part 0f trail pheromone of the ant, Lasius fuliginosus.160... 

Bistrifluron (DBI-3204) is a benzoylphenyl urea, recently introduced by Dongbu Hannong of Korea, that is active against whiteflies Triakurodes vaporar-iorum and Bemisia tahaci) and Lepidoptera pests (e.g., Spodoptera eocigua, and Plu-tella xylostella) [77]. This compound has also shown promise for use as a bait for the control of ants and cockroaches in domestic environments [78]. 

Once consumed, allelochemics have assorted deleterious effects. Otherwise, they can pass through the insect with no effect, be sequestered, or detoxified. Many enzyme systems are involved in biochemical defense against plant allelochemics, but the most familiar and perhaps most important are the mixed function oxidases. Brattsten (1979) describes the three major characteristics that contribute to their importance in biochemical waste disposal (i) they catalyze numerous oxidative reactions that produce more polar and hence more excretable compounds, (ii) they are non-specific in that a wide range of chemicals are acceptable substrates, (iii) they can adjust rapidly (within minutes) to the presence of allelochemics or synthetic insecticides via induction. The MFO detoxification system is not confined to insects MFO activity has been identified in a wide range of vertebrates and invertebrates. A variety of flies, mosquitoes, cockroaches, crickets and a minimum of 40 species of Lepidoptera (as well as representatives from other insect orders) possess MFO activity (review Brattsten, 1979). 

From the limited evidence available, it appears that the most primitive insects are capable of dealkylating and converting C28 and C29 phytosterols to cholesterol. The only primitive thysanuran species examined, the firebrat (6), has this capability as do all species of the next most primitive group, the hemimetabolous Orthoptera (cockroaches, locusts, grasshoppers), that have been studied. Similarly, members of the order Lepidoptera studied thus far are quite uniformly capable of dealkylating. 

Cockroach population control, homoptera and lepidoptera activity... 

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