Coatings industry, analytical applications

Radiation from radioisotope sources can be used to excite characteristic X-rays in samples upon which the beam of radiation is directed. Detection and analysis of these X-rays yield information about the composition of the sample. This opens the field of analytical applications of X-ray fluorescence analysis. The most frequent applications are in the ore processing and the metal coating industries. 

The application of NIR in the pharmaceutical industry can be qualitative or quantitative. Analytical samples can be liquid, solid, or vapor. Identification of a sample by fingerprint to compare with the reference standard is an example of a qualitative application. Materials such as active drug substances, organic liquids and solvents, excipients, and packaging materials can be tested rapidly for identity in the receiving area. Other applications encompass the identification of the film layer of coated tablets and the study of blending of active drug substances with excipients calculated by a chemometric technique with the use of computer software. ... 

Because of the presence of a large number of end functionalities, several chemical modifications are possible for hb polymers that make them suitable candidates for different end-use application. New analytical techniques have allowed the characterization of these materials. From an industrial point of view, hb polymers have made impressive advances as additives and rheology modifiers. Nowadays, they are also used in coatings, catalysts, sensors, biomaterials. 

Rather than attempting to survey the hundreds of analytical methods currently being employed in various research fields, in this book we focus on five major analytical methods and their derivations. The methods presented here offer not only general applicability to most types of materials (ranging fi om hard coatings for tools to novel biological materials and nanoscaled devices) but also offer sufficient complexity that data analysis and interpretation can be far from trivial in many cases. In this aspect, we recruited contributors to this book who have demonstrated extensive hands-on experience with each of the techniques covered in the various chapters. All the authors in this book have 20+ years of experience in their respective field as materials analysts, with extensive exposure to industrial, academic, and advanced research environment. 

Corrosion is an electrochemical process leading to a decrease in thickness and strength of materials. Steel is the most widely used metal in industry and has weak resistance to corrosion. Corrosion resistance can be increased with addition of chrome and nickel. Adding of metals causes an increase in the production cost of steel. To develop the corrosion resistance, polyelectrolyte multilayers can be used to coat stainless steel with low cost [14]. The main aim to coat a metal is to protect it from corrosion. The layer-by-layer self-assembly method is used to prepare polyelectrolyte multilayers. Corrosion of metals can be reduced with inhibitors. Severe corrosion protective coatings are used in many apphcation areas such as automotive, steel, pipe, petroleum and hning industry. Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) are an alternative method to protect the materials from corrosion. PEMs can be produced with anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes. In addition, PEMs has wide application areas such as membrane separation, microfluidies, biocatalytic and analytical separations. Cationic polyaUylamine hydrochloride (PAH), anionic polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), polystyrene suUbnate-co-maleic acid (PSS-co-MA) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) were used to investigate the corrosion protection efficiency of polyelectrolyte. Corrosion rate, corrosion potential and linear polarization resistance were examined as corrosion process parameters. In addition, polydiaUyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) was used with sulfonated polyetherether ketone (SPEEK) for steel corrosion applications [14]. 

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