Coating of glass fibers

S. L. Gao, E. Mader, R. Plonka Nanostructured coatings of glass fibers Improvement of alkali resistance and mechanical properties. Acta Materialica 55 (2007), p. 1043-1052... 

Garrett narrows the possible list of film formers to pol)rvinyl acetate (PVA), urethane, epoxies or polyester. Because of the need for dilute aqueous solution coating of glass fibers, he points out that there are severe constraints on emulsion partide sizes for proper selection of effective film formers. 

France, P. W., Dunn, P. L. and Reeve, M. H., Plastic coating of glass fibers and its influence on strength. Fiber and Integrated Optics, 2 (1979). 

Most architectural fabrics are usually flexible composites comprised of glass fibers coated with fluorocarbons to resist wind, mechanical forces, and outdoor environmental degradation. The airport terminal in Saudi Arabia, and the roofs for the Hubert Humphrey Dome in Minneapolis and the Tokyo Dome Stadium are a few examples of the successful use of architectural fabrics. 

Introduced successfully for tires in 1967, glass fibers had properties that made them very attractive for use in tires (5,8). The britdeness of glass fibers, however, imposed some limitations on the final tine cord properties because of the requirement that each fiber be individually coated with a mbbery adhesive to avoid interfilament damage during fabrication and use. This additional treatment step is introduced at the fiber manufacturing stage. For several years fiber glass was used extensively in bias-belted and radial tires, but was ultimately replaced by steel belts in radial tires. 

Unsaturated polyesters The formation of the coating occurs in situ by the reaction between polyester resin and styrene, activated by a catalyst such as organic peroxide. The main use as coatings is in the formation of glass fiber or glass flake, reinforced plastics. 

Radome Also called radiation dome. It is a cover for a microwave antenna used to protect the antenna from the environment on the ground, underwater, and in the air (aircraft nose cone, etc.). The dome is basically transparent to electromagnetic radiation and structurally strong. Different materials have been used such as wood, rubber-coated air-supported fabric, etc. The most popular is the use of glass fiber-TS polyester RPs. The shape of the dome, that is usually spherical, is designed not to interfere with the radiation. 

Uses. About 60% of the MA produced is used to make unsaturated polyester and aikyd resins, which are formed by reaction of MA with glycols. Polyester resins are used in the fabrication of glass fiber reinforced parts. Applications include boat hulls, automobile body parts, patio furniture, shower stalls, and pipe. Aikyd resins are mostly used in coatings (paint, varnish, lacquers, and enamels). MA also is widely used as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of plasticizers and dibasic acids (fumaric, maleic, and succinic). About 15% of MA production goes into the manufacture of viscosity index improvers and dispersants used as additives in lube oils. Several agricultural chemicals are based on maleic anhydride, the best known being Malathion. 

Drumm, C.A. and Ulicny, J.C. (1989). Analysis of coating on glass fiber reinforcements. Polym. Composites 10. 44-51. 

Fig. 7.3. Normalized impact toughness of glass fiber-polyester matrix composites with different fiber coatings (O) silicone vacuum fluid (SVF) Dow Coming 200 Fluid of viscosity 10 cP (A) Dow Corning 200 Fluid of viscosity 10 cP. After Sung et al. (1977).

Mascia, L., Dhillon. J. and Harper, J. (1993). Adhesion enhancement of rubbery and ductile polyolefin coatings on glass fibers for epoxy composites and effects on failure mechanisms. J. Appi Polyin. Sci. 47, 487-498. 

Photoreduction of Eosin, Erythrosin, and Rose Bengal with amines has been employed for a number of years to initiate polymerization of monomers in the absence of solvent. Examples of recent applications include the production of volume holograms [181], color images on plain paper [182], printing plates [183-185], and, in the presence of suitable peroxides, manufacture of coatings for glass fibers [186]. 

Calculations and measurements have been made to assess the fraction of absorbed vs. incident photons in a number of cases, in particular for suspensions in water (48-51) and also for Ti02 coated on glass fiber tissues. 

Measurements on Reinforced Plastics (Structure Effect). Polymeric substrates (Poly-butylterephthalate PBT) with different amount of glass fibers were painted with a typical coating system for plastics. The complete coatings... 

Different forms of glass fiber-TS plastics are used with or without special surface coatings such as gel coatings. Materials are compounded with controlled pot life so that they start their cure reaction after being placed in the mold cavity. For room temperature cure, cure occurs by an exothermic chemical reaction that heats the RP. Pressures are moderate at about 140 to 350 kPa (20 to 50 psi). Molds can be made of inexpensive metal, plaster, RP, wood, etc. 

In the manufacture of glass fiber insect screening, a typical process would involve coating the yarns with the plastisol dispersion weaving the yarns into a fabric and then heat setting to cause fusion of the yarns at the interstices. 

As mentioned earlier, suspensions of particulate rods or fibers are almost always non-Brownian. Such fiber suspensions are important precursors to composite materials that use fiber inclusions as mechanical reinforcement agents or as modifiers of thermal, electrical, or dielectrical properties. A common example is that of glass-fiber-reinforced composites, in which the matrix is a thermoplastic or a thermosetting polymer (Darlington et al. 1977). Fiber suspensions are also important in the pulp and paper industry. These materials are often molded, cast, or coated in the liquid suspension state, and the flow properties of the suspension are therefore relevant to the final composite properties. Especially important is the distribution of fiber orientations, which controls transport properties in the composite. There have been many experimental and theoretical studies of the flow properties of fibrous suspensions, which have been reviewed by Ganani and Powell (1985) and by Zimsak et al. (1994). 

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