Coating materials impregnated layers

Metal substrates coated with a layer of controlled porosity and impregnated with catalyti-cally active material—Fig. 4—offer high surface area and high void fraction and are therefore particularly attractive for applications where pressure drop is a parameter of primary significance. 

Man-Made Leathers. These materials contain a nonwoven fabric which is impregnated with a polyurethane to improve fiexibiHty, processibiHty, and conformabiHty (Fig. 9). Advanced man-made leathers contain microfibers as fine as 0.03 tex (0.3 den) or less to imitate coUagen fiber bundles, thereby attaining the soft feel and appearance essential for soft leather use. Polyurethane in the substrate is usually provided with porous stmcture by poromeric technology. The coating layer is also porous in the two-layer type man-made leathers (5—10). 

To overcome the poor mechanical properties of polymer and gel polymer type electrolytes, microporous membranes impregnated with gel polymer electrolytes, such as PVdF. PVdF—HFP. and other gelling agents, have been developed as an electrolyte material for lithium batteries.Gel coated and/ or gel-filled separators have some characteristics that may be harder to achieve in the separator-free gel electrolytes. For example, they can offer much better protection against internal shorts when compared to gel electrolytes and can therefore help in reducing the overall thickness of the electrolyte layer. In addition the ability of some separators to shutdown... 

Kuehl et al. [116] have used Celite-545 coated with concentrated sulfuric acid for lipid removal. They eluted fish extract using hexane through this column to a cesium silicate column. Acid treated silica gel is a common material for lipid removal of biota and abiota samples for PCDD/PCDF analyses [111, 112] and has been applied to human adipose tissue extracts for analysis of PCDE [132]. Silica impregnated with concentrated sulfuric acid packed on silica gel in a column has been applied as a second cleanup step [43,120,132]. A multi-silica gel column consisting of layers of silica (silica gel 60), silica impregnated with sulfuric acid (44%), silica, silica impregnated with sodium hydroxide (1 mol 1 ), silica, silica with silver nitrate (10%), and silica has been used for fish extracts by Birkholz et al. [120], The extract was eluted with 2% dichloromethane in hexane and was further purified on Florisil. 

The oxyhydrochlorination catalyst was prepared according to the procedure of Conner et al. [9]. The material was prepared in nonaqueous solvents by successive impregnation of metal chloride salts onto a silica support. A saturated solution of copper (I) chloride in acetonitrile was sorbed into fumed silica (325 mVgram). The acetonitrile was then removed under reduced pressure. A solution of potassium chloride and lanthanum chloride 1n formic acid was added to the cuprous chloride coated silica. The formic acid was removed under reduced pressure to produce the layered oxyhydrochlorination catalyst. The weight composition of the final catalyst was 41.7% CuCI, 37.5% Si02, 11.5% KC1, and 9.4% LaClj. The catalyst could be activated in a stream of hydrogen chloride at 300°C for ten minutes. 

An important field of application of inhibited polymer films is insulation of anticorrosion coatings applied on metal structures by either hot or cold methods. In the latter case inhibited film materials with an adhesive layer are used, into which the contact Cl is commonly impregnated [58,166]. 

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