Coating colour

Jackson, I. J. (1991). Mouse coat colour mutations a molecular genetic resource which spans the centuries. BioEssays 13 439-446. 

Mercer, J. A., Seperack, P. K., Strobel, M. C Copeland, N. G., and Jenkins, N. A. (1991). Novel myosin heavy chain encoded by murine dilute coat colour locus. Nature 349 709-713. 

Figure 14 shows the effect when AMP-95 was post added to an already formed coating colour in response to an in-mill problem. 

Laboratory measurements of shear rates of this magnitude are not easily accessible, but the behaviour of a formulation at a shear rate of the order of 10 s will usually indicate whether or not a coating colour will run successfully. 

Lustre/pearlescent pigments have found wide application in automotive coatings, coloured plastics, synthetic leather, printing inks, ceramic products and cosmetics, e.g. nail polish, lipstick and mascara. 

Since chemical products provide a broad variety of services such as "cleaning", "coating", "colouring" and "greasing" the ChL model is applicable in a multitude of industry sectors. In addition ChL is applicable to large companies just as to small and medium enterprises. Based on the experiences obtained to date, ChL business models have the greatest success when applied to processes that are not yet optimised with regard to chemicals consumption. 

Jenkins NA, Copeland NG, Taylor BA, Lee BK. 1981. Dilute (d) coat colour mutation of DBA/2J mice is associated with the site of integration of an ecotropic mulv genome. Nature 293 370-374. 

Source Adapted from Nuortila-Jokinen, J. and Nystrom, M., Membrane filtration of coating colour effluent. 8th World Filtration Conference, Brighton, United Kingdom, April 3-7, 2000 Greaves, R., The use of 5" Q. 

Jbnsson A-S, Jbnsson C, Teppler M, Tomani P, and Wannstrbm S. Treatment of coating colour effluents by membrane filtration. Desalination 1996 105 263-276. 

Nishikawa et al, 1991). These studies showed a critical dependency of melanocyte development on c-kit at El3.5-14.5, and effects on coat colour were seen following intradermal injection of pregnant mice as early as E10.5. Even in the adult, intradermal injection of the anti-c-k/f antibody when the hair cycle was activated resulted in unpig-mented areas. In addition, studies in and... 

After gelatinization, these starches form pastes with low viscosity at a relatively high concentration and with very stable viscosity. The resulting products are well suited for use in pigmented coating colours, adhesives and textile warp sizing. 

Coatings, colour tints and other options, e.g. infills... 

Clearly, control of rheological properties of coating colours is desirable, and this is achieved through polymeric additives. The aim is not only to favourably adjust the viscosity and other rheological parameters of the suspension per se, but also to improve the water retention properties of the colour. If the suspension dewaters too quickly before or on application, this can lead to severe runnability problems, such as the formation of streaks, dry stalagmites and uneven binder distribution. 

Figure 7.27. A comparison of the effects on the shear-thinning behaviour of a coating colour containing clay, calcium carbonate and stryne-butadiane binder of (a) CMC and (b) associative thickener (AT), (redrawn from ref. (34))...

Coating colours, as one would expect from their composition, are in general non-Newtonian fluids, so that the steady-shear viscosity rj(y) is shear rate-dependent, for a given shear stress a ... 

Coating colours do indeed show viscoelastic behaviour however, estimating t for such materials is... 

Fadat, G., Engstrom, G. and Rigdahl, M., The effect of dissolved polymers on the rheological properties of coating colours, Rheol. Acta, 27, 289-297 (1988). 

Husband, J., Interactions in coating colours containing clay, latex and starch, in Proceedings of the Coating Conference, Nashville, TN, 19-22 May 1996, Tappi Press Atlanta, GA, pp. 99-114. 

Letzelter, P., Dewatering of coating colours A filtration or thickening mechanism , in Proceedings of the 1997 Advanced Coating Fundamentals Symposium, Philadelphia, PA, 9-10 May 1997, Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA, 1997, pp. 103-131. 

It was postulated by Lyon that one or the other X chromosome in somatic cells of female mammals is at some early embryonic stage rendered inactive. The inactivated X chromosome, which may be of paternal or maternal origin, will remain inactive in all progeny of the embryonic cells. The major evidences cited by Lyon for this hypothesis were the occurrence of mottled or dappled coat colour phenotypes in heterozygous female mice and the existence of normal XO females. As a consequence of random inactivation of X chromosomes, females heterozygous for X linked traits exhibit mosaic phenotypes. Evidence in support of the hypothesis has been gathered in a variety of experiments. 

No increase in the solids content when coating colour is cincjlated... 

Searle A (1968) Comparative genetics of coat colour in mammals. Academic Press, London New York... 

A number of different coating equipments exist for applying the coating colour onto the base paper. Figure 9.1 illustrates the basic principles of the most common coating methods. 

In blade coating, as a first step, a layer of coating colour is applied to the paper sheet. The sheet will then pass under a blade, which removes an excess of applied material and thereby creates a very smooth surface. Due to inhomogeneities of the base paper, surface blade coating leads to fluctuations of the coating layer thickness over width and length of the paper sheet. 

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