CNT-filled composites

The unmodified CNT-filled composites show individual CNT particles in the matrix along with a few loose agglomerates. 

Generally, the two simplest and most common models for the mechanical properties of fiber reinforced composites are the rule of mixtures and the Halpin-Tsai equations [71]. The computational methods for the investigation of CNTs and CNT-filled composites can be categorized into two classes continuum methods and atomistic methods [31]. 

This technique may actually be extended to all kinds of polymers, synthesized by radical polymerization, to enable a new generation of CNT-filled composites. 

Nanocomposites with good thermal conductivity (k) have potential applications in printed circuit boards. The thermal conductivity of connectors is in the order of 103 W/(m-K), while typical thermoplastics have k 0.1 W/(m K). A theoretical model was proposed by Nan et al. to predict the thermal conductivity of CNT-based composites (75,76). Theoretically, the thermal conductivity of the composites filled with 0.1 wt% MWNTs can be six times that of neat polymers. 

This section discusses the thermal degradation studies conducted using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). In general, the thermal stability of filled composites is better than pure polymers due to the presence of fillers, which act as stabilizing agents (73). In particular, the addition of CNTs present superior thermal stability for composites compared with neat polymers (90-92). 

Zhang et al ° obtained a CNT-polymer composite by infiltration of a monomer liquid into aligned CNT aerogel fibers with subsequent in situ polymerization. PMMA/MWNT composite fibers showed that the PMMA filled the spaces of the nanotube fibers and bound the nanotubes together. PMMA in the composite fibers exhibited local order. The resultant composite fibers with 15 wt% nanotube loading exhibited a 16-fold and a 49-fold increase in tensile strength and Young s modulus, respectively, compared with the control PMMA. 

In 2012, G. H. Kim et al. prepared Gp-filled PEDOT PSS composite films via solution spin coating method [3]. XPS and Raman analyses identified that strong tt-tt interactions existed between Gp and PEDOT PSS, which facilitated the dispersion of Gp in the polymer matrix and reduced the carrier hopping barrier. The uniformly distributed Gp increased the interfacial area by 2-10 times as compared with CNT based composite on the same weight percentage. Moreover, well-stacked multilayer structure... 

Therefore, it can be seen from the above expression that is closely related to absorption loss (SE ). SE is also important for porous structures (e.g., foams) and for certain type of filled composites (carbon nanofibers [CNFs]/carbon nanotubes [CNTs]/graphene-filled polymers) or for certain design geometries (e.g., honeycomb lattices) [1,2,9,13,81]. It can be neglected in the case of a shield having thick absorbing elements due... 

Some research on the pre-treatment of CNTs and interfacial modification techniques have been reported, which is helpful to the preparation of CNT-filled rubber composites. " But the dispersion of CNTs into rubber materials is still problematic due to possible entanglement of the high aspect ratio CNTs and the high viscosity of rubbers. 

The alignment of CNTs can be quantified by evaluation of the correlation function. In contrast to other techniques, an orientation factor O,. for low filled composites and... 

A comparable approach focusing on the use of CNT filled fibers was used in order to create sensors, which detect organic solvents in the liquid state [49]. Extrusion melt mixed PLA-MWCNT composites were melt spun to obtain electrically conductive fibers, which are sensitive to different solvents and solvent mixtures (Figure 5.30). These fibers are again very promising candidates as components of smart textiles. 

CNTs filled with Ce02 particles were prepared by wet impregnation assisted by capillary force [202]. Compared to Ce02 outside CNTs, these composites show superior catalytic performance of oxidative dehydrogenation of... 

A noteworthy enhancement in the mechanical and electrical conductivity of CNT-filled epoxy composites lead to the development of conductive materials for electronics, automotive shielding, electrostatic dissipation, conductive coating, multilayer printed circuits, and electromagnetic inference. 

Furthermore, binary CNT-filled poly aery lie composite system was introduced in the belief that a miscible polyacrylic blends attract host materials where CNTs could be inserted, since this kind of mixtures has a degree of mixing down to the molecular level (Nie et al. 2012). For example, CNTs contain composite materials films, which were obtained after evaporating the solvent used to prepare solutions of the four t3q>es of binary polymer blends of poly[ethylene-co-(acrylie acid)]. The evidence of H-bond formation was verified for the composite materials (Antolin-Ceron et al. 2008). The Young s moduli and crystallinity of the CNTs-fiUed poly [ethylene-co-(acrylic acid)] composites were improved compared to single polyacrylic. 

Surface properties of CNTs induce chemical interactions between CNTs and polypropylene, which in turn improve the mechanical behaviour of the composites (Girei et al. 2012 Pascual et al. 2012 Kim et al. 2013a, b, c). With that in mind, the interface between CNTs and polypropylene was simulated using contact elements. It is recorded that the length of CNTs significantly affects the reinforcement phenomenon of the polypropylene composites (Sulong et al. 2013 Wu et al. 2013a, b, c). Indeed, to increase the surface properties of CNT-filled polypropylene composites, some studies focused on the surface functionalization of CNTs. For... 

The stable dispersed CNTs by biopolymer set up into biomedical purposes as well as tissue engineering and drug delivery system (Yu and Li 2012). For the bioactivity of biopolymer, their composites with CNTs offer exceptional sensing performance (Liu et al. 2014a, b, c, d, e). The biomimetic actuation founded on CNTs-filled biopolymer devices have as well initially proved to be of large and fast actuation displacement under low voltage electrical stimulation (Chahine et al. 2008). 

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