Spin-coating method

A thin film dissolved oxygen sensor was fabricated by entrapping erythrosin B in a sol-gel matrix95. The silica sol-gel doped with the dye was deposited onto the cleaned glass slides by the spin-coating method. The sensor was linear in the most useful range of dissolved oxygen concentrations, up to 9.1 mg l 1 concentration obtained in air saturated water at 20 °C. 

To prepare ultrathin polymer films on the surface of wafers, especially those of large diameter (6 or 8 inch), uniformity and defect density become important factors in determining the resist quality. The conventional spin coating method has been reported to introduce interference striations (11) and high defect densities (2.31 when used to prepare ultrathin polymer films. As an alternative approach, the LB technique has been proposed as being suited to the preparation of more uniform ultrathin polymer films (2). Using this technique monolayer polymer films can be transferred layer by layer to the surface of a solid substrate from the water surface. An important feature of the LB technique is that the accumulation of monolayer films allows the thickness of the built-up film to be controlled in a precise manner. Consequently, extremely uniform and ultrathin polymer films can be prepared. 

A polymer thin film having a thickness of 50 nm containing the step 5 product was formed by a spin coating method. The polymer thin film contained an Au electrode that had been vapor deposited and where the source electrode and drain electrode had a channel width of 2 mm and a channel length of 20 pm. 

Thermal evaporation is one of the most efficient methods for the preparation of diketo-nate complexe layers. However, many of these compounds are thermally unstable at high temperatnre and reqnire an alternative method. Milder conditions are attained on incorporating snch componnds into polymer host materials, followed by thin film deposition by the spin coating method. In these cases, the luminance of OLED devices is comparable to those measnred for devices fabricated using small molecules and polymer blends. 

The dip and spin coating methods are the most practiced techniques as indicated in the open literature. Many materials have been made into porous membranes by this route including the more commonly referenced materials such as metal oxides, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, silicon and aluminum oxynitrides and glasses. 

Thin films of the amorphous diarylethenes can be formed easily by a conventional spin-coating method on appropriate substrates with various solvents such as toluene, hexane, dichloromethane, and so forth. Both the open-ring and the closed-ring form isomers and their mixtures form thin films. Figure 17.5 shows the reversible absorption spectral changes of a bulk amorphous film of 2. The spectral changes are almost the same as those in the solution. 

PVA, 88 mg) was mixed with 0.2 ml of HEPES buffer solution (1 x 10-2 mol dm 3 HEPES, 10 ml total) at pH 7.0 containing BCECF (5 mg) and stirred for several minutes at room temperature. The mixture was then cast on an ITO-coated quartz substrate by a spin-coating method, and water was removed by evaporation. A semitransparent aluminum (Al) film was deposited on the dried polymer film by a vacuum vapor deposition method. The ITO and Al films were used as electrodes. A sinusoidal ac voltage with a modulation frequency of 40 H z was applied to a sample polymer, and the field-induced change in fluorescence intensity was detected with a lock-in amplifier at the second harmonic of the modulation frequency. A dc component of the fluorescence intensity was simultaneously observed. 

In general, these methods are used for the production of nanocrystalline powders which may be further compacted via techniques such as hot-pressing [157, 158] or magnetic pulsed compaction [159, 160]. In addition, other types of nanoionic material maybe prepared, such as nanometer-thin films, using techniques including molecular beam epitaxy [161], pulsed laser deposition [162] or spin-coating methods [163]. Novel structures, such as core-shell [164—166] and multi-layered [167, 168] (so-called onion structures) materials, may also be produced in this way. 

An electrochemical cell system with ceria-based solid electrolyte coated wdth YSZ prepared by the spin coating method showed higher selectivity to acrylsildehyde than that with ceria-based solid electrol5rte alone. This may be due to the fact that a film of YSZ on the ceria-based solid electroljde to suppress the complete oxidation of propene. When the YSZ SDC disk was used as an electrolyte membrane, selectivity of the oxidation products did not depend on the thickness of YSZ. This indicates that the selective oxidation of propene occurred at the Au-YSZ-gas triple phase boundary by the oxygen species pumped electrochemicaUy through the ceria-based solid electrolyte and the YSZ. 

The liquid crystallinity of poly(3-alkylthiophene) has been pointed out [121]. Enhancement of crystallinity by molecular alignment in a liquid crystal phase is prominent in poly(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b] thiophene) exhibiting a lamellar mesophase. When a thin film of the polymer fabricated by the spin-coating method is annealed at 100 °C, domain size remarkably extends from several tens of nanometers to a several micrometers, maintaining molecular alignment within domains because of the thermal motion of the polymer chains. The hole mobility of the thin film transistors based on this polymer reached 0.7 cm2 V-1 s 1 [122]. 

Spin-coating methods have been demonstrated for applying thin polymer films to the germanium ATR crystals so that protein deposition can be investigated on surfaces of practical interest. 

Abe, M., Tamaura, Y., Oishi, M., Saitoh, T., Itoh, T. Gomi, M. (1987). Plating of ferrite film on 8" disc at 70 °C by spray-spin-coating method. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, MAG-23, 3432-4. 

Lee S S, et al. 2001. Layer by layer deposited multilayer assemblies of ionene type polyelectrol5des based on the spin coating method. Macromolecules 34(16) 5358 5360. 

Amorphous organic materials are divided into two categories compounds with low molecular weights, and polymers. Devices made from low-molecular-weight compounds are generally fabricated by vacuum deposition. Devices made from polymers are fabricated by the casting or spin-coating methods. 

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