Closed-patch test

Sensitization results are based on a human maximization test (103) usiag a petrolatum vehicle. The effect is expressed as the number of paneHsts responding over the total number of paneHsts tested and was 0/25 except for spearmint (0/32). That is, at the dose iadicated, the oils werenot irritating when tested ia a 48-h closed patch test ia humans. 

Skin tolerance was tested on rabbits. A 1 % alkanesulfonate solution applied five times did not produce any irritation on the rabbits skin. The same results were obtained by the closed patch test carried out with human test subjects in a hospital. The good dermatological properties were also confirmed by the Polano test (arm immersion test). 

On the skin, g-cymene may cause erythema, dryness, and defatting. However, 4% p-cymene in petroleum did not produce irritation in 25 humans after a 48-hour closed patch test or after 10 daily applications to the same spot on the backs of subjects. Undiluted g-cymene applied to rabbit skin for 24 hours under occlusion was moderately irritating. The LDso by skin absorption is greater than 5 g/% in rabbits. 

There were no positive reactions to 5% DBP among 53 subjects given a 48-hour closed-patch test. Cosmetic formulations containing up to 9% DBP ranged from nonirritating to slightly irritating in various patch test procedures. Sensitization and photosensitization did not occur. ... 

The major acute toxicity of MEK is mucosal irritation, and MEK can irritate the eyes, nose, and the respiratory system. No irritation was produced when 20% MEK in petrolatum was applied to volunteers for 48 h in a closed patch test however, it can be irritating to the skin by defatting. It can cause dizziness, fatigue, memory alteration, dermatitis, headaches, nausea, and paresthesia of extremities, diminished vision acidosis, and vomiting. Acute inhalation can cause central nervous system depression. MEK vapor is irritating to mucous membranes and conjunctivae at 200 ppm after 15 min, but the odor is noticeable at 25 ppm. The results from animal evidence suggest that MEK can be aspirated... 

No sensitization reactions were observed after 1% angelica root or seed oil in petroleum was applied to volunteers in a 48 hour closed patch test (Opdyke 1979). 

No sensitization or irritation was observed in a closed patch test in test subjects treated with 10% ylang ylang essential oil in a petroleum base (Opdyke 1979). 

In an irritation test, irritation reactions were observed in 2 of 20 volunteers patch tested with pure juniper essential oil for 24 h. No irritation reactions were observed in volunteers treated with 8% juniper oil in petrolatum in a 48-hour closed patch test Qohnson 2001). 

In 24- and 48-hour closed patch test studies, no positive reactions were observed after use of full strength clary sage essential oil alone or in 8% petrolatum. Further, there were no sensitization reactions observed in volunteers tested with 8% clary oil in petrolatum (Opdyke 1979). 

The incidence of cutaneous reactions to topically applied diphenhydramine is difficult to asses (Emmett 1974). In one series, 12 of 117 cases of dermatitis medicamentosa seen in England, in one year were due to a lotion comprised of diphenhydramine hydrochloride and calamine (Caladryl) (Vickers 1961). All 12 were confirmed by positive patch tests, although in 10 instances, closed patch tests were... 

F 2147 Guinea pig split adjuvant and closed patch testing for contact allergens... 

In these patients, the specific immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated immediate sensitisation from DGEBA with a MW of 340 Da was revealed. Recently, Sasseville (1998) reported on a patient who presented with contact urticaria while working in an aircraft factory. On patch testing, at the 30-min reading, he suffered urticarial reactions to epoxy resin (1% pet), phenylglycidyl ether (0.25% pet) and cresylglycidyl ether (0.25% pet). No delayed reactions were seen. Similarly, Miyamoto and Okumura (1998) reported on contact urticaria confirmed by a 15-min open test and a 15-min closed patch test for epoxy resin at 1% in petrolatum. 

Cuticle removers may be irritating if used improperly, but they have a short contact time and do not appear to be important allergens. They should not be tested in a closed patch test. There is a report of a manicurist who developed dermatitis on her hand from an allergy to an orangewood stick, an instrument used during a manicure to push back the softened... 

Closed patch test Percutaneous sensitization Phototoxicity and photosensitization 40 healthy males AGS 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 3% 0.1%, same as water 5%, Extremely weak primary irritation No abnormality found No abnormality found ... 

Closed patch test 47 Patients with eczema and dermatitis AGS, SLS, Soap (1.5% solution) Irritation order Water = AGS = soap < SLS ... 

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