Thiobacillus thioparus

Moreover, decomposition may also be caused by bacterial action (e.g. Thiobacillus thioparus), particularly if the solution has been standing for some time. For these reasons, the following recommendations are made ... 

Katayama Y, Y Matsushita, M Kaneko, M Kondo, T Mizuno, H Nyunoya (1998) Cloning of genes coding for the three subunits of thiocyanate hydrolase of Thiobacillus thioparus THI 115 and their evolutionary relationships to nitrile hydratase. J Bacterial 180 2583-2589. 

Adoki, A., Influence of divalent metal ions on degradation of dimethylsulphide by intact cells of Thiobacillus thioparus TK-m, Afr J Biotechnol, 6 (11), 1343-1347, 2007. 

Kanagawa T, Mikami E. 1989. Removal of methanethiol, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and hydrogen sulfide from contaminated air by Thiobacillus thioparus TK-m. Appl Environ Microbiol 55(3) 555-558. 

The fate of thiocyanate in soil is largely uncharacterized. Early studies have shown that thiocyanate can undergo both aerobic (Betts et al. 1979) and anaerobic microbial degradation (Betts et al. 1979 Stafford and Callely 1969 Youatt 1954) however, the degradation pathway has not been defined (Brown and Morra 1993). Saturated soils treated with thiocyanate were found to emit carbonyl sulfide (COS) (Minami 1982 Minami and Fukushi 1981). Katayama et al. (1992, 1993) have reported the formation of carbonyl sulfide from the biodegradation of thiocyanate by pure and mixed cultures of Thiobacillus thioparus. 

Katayama Y, Kanagawa T, Kuraishi H. 1993. Emission of carbonyl sulfide by Thiobacillus thioparus grown with thiocyanate in pure and mixed cultures. FEMS Microbiology Letters 114 (2) 223-228. 

Katayama Y, Narahara Y, Inoue Y, et al. 1992. A thiocyanate hydrolase of Thiobacillus thioparus. A novel enzyme catalyzing the formation of carbonyl sulfide from thiocyanate. J Biol Chem 267(13) 9170-9175. 

Peck then became interested in sulfate-reducing bacteria, which he had got to know in Gest s laboratory. To study the reduction of sulfate. Peck worked in Fritz Lipmann s laboratory in Massachussetts General Hospital (1956) and with Lipmann at Rockefeller University (1957). Lipmann started work on active sulfate in 1954 with Helmut Hilz as a postdoctoral fellow and studied the activation of sulfate to APS and PAPS. Lipmann had left the active sulfate projects by 1957 and started, at Rockefeller University, the studies on protein synthesis. Peck published one paper on the reduction of sulfate with hydrogen in extracts of Desulfovibrio desul-furicans (1959) and one on APS as an intermediate on the oxidation of thiosulfate by Thiobacillus thioparus (1960). 

Peck s hrst signihcant contribution was to look at Thiobacillus thioparus (the type species of the genus Thiobacillus) through the eyes of one who knew a lot about sulfate-reducing bacteria and about the enzymes involved in sulfate metabolism in yeast and mammalian tissues. This led him to think maybe the same enzymes are involved in sulfur oxidation as in reduction. The seminal paper of 1960 showed that this was indeed the case. 

Further Evidence for the APS Pathway of Thiosulfate Oxidation in Thiobacillus thioparus... 

Lyric RM, Suzuki I. 1970. Enzymes involved in the metabolism of thiosulfate by Thiobacillus thioparus. II. Properties of adenosine 5 -phosphosulfate reductase. Can J Biochem 48 344-54. 

Peck HD. 1960. Adenosine 5 -phosphosulfate as an intermediate in the oxidation of thiosulfate by Thiobacillus thioparus. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 46 1053-7. 

Peck HD, Fisher E. 1962. The oxidation of thiosulfate and phosphorylation in extracts of Thiobacillus thioparus. J Biol Chem 237 190-7. 

Peck HD, Deacon TE, Davidson JT. 1965. Studies on adenosine 5 -phosphosulfate reductase from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and Thiobacillus thioparus. Biochim Biophys Acta 96 429 7. 

Santer M. 1959. The role of phosphate in thiosulfate oxidation by Thiobacillus thioparus. Biochim Biophys Res Commun 1 9-12. 

Santer M, Margulies M, Klinman N, Kaback R. 1960. Role of inorganic phosphate in thiosulfate metabolism by Thiobacillus thioparus. J Bacteriol 79 313-20. 

Skarzynski B, Ostrowski W. 1958. Incorporation of radioactive sulphur by Thiobacillus thioparus. Nature 182 933. ... 

Vishniac W. 1952. The metabolism of Thiobacillus thioparus. I. The oxidation of thiosulfate. J Bacteriol 64 363-73. 

Johnson EJ, Peck HD. 1965. Coupling of phosphorylation and carbon dioxide fixation in extracts of Thiobacillus thioparus. J Bacteriol 89 1041-50. 

Sulfor oxidizing bacteria oxidize sulfide and sulfite to sulfate. The decrease of oxygen [94,95] as well as the alteration of pH [96] can be used as indicators of these reactions. With a Thiobacillus thioparus-containing sensor, a detected limit of 4 pmol/1 sulfite is reached [94]. The detection limit of a sensor with Thiobacillus thiooxydans for sulfide is 0.02 mmol/1 only [95]. 

Deposition of elemental sulphur formed from sulphate Essential collaboration of at least two different microbial species occurs in the transformation of sulphate to S° in salt domes or similar sedimentary formations (see Ivanov, 1968). This transformation is dependent on the interaction of a sulphate reducer like Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, which transforms sulphate to H2S in its anaerobic respiratory metabolism, and an H2S oxidizer like Thiobacillus thioparus, which, under conditions of limited O2 availability, transforms H2S to S° in its respiratory metabolism (van den Ende van Gemerden, 1993). The collaboration of these two physiological types of bacteria is obligatory in forming S° from sulphate because sulphate reducers cannot form S° from sulphate, even as a metabolic intermediate. It should be noted, however, that the sulphate reducers and H2S oxidizers are able to live completely independent of each other as long as the overall formation of S° from sulphate is not a requirement. 

Whereas Peck and his co-workers have not reported the presence of acid-labile sulfide in the APS reductase of D. vulgaris, Lyric and Suzuki (376) have shown that the enzyme from Thiobacillus thioparus contains 4-5 moles of labile sulfide per mole. The T. thioparus enzyme appears to have a molecular weight of 170,000, and contains, in addition to labile sulfide, 1 mole of FAD and 8-10 g-atoms of iron per mole. That the en-... 

Cho K. S., Hirai M., and Shoda M. (1991) Degradation characteristics of hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol, dimethyl sulfide, and dimethyl disulfide by Thiobacillus thioparus DW44 isolated from peat biofilter. J. Ferment. Bioeng. 71, 384-389. 

Kanagawa T. and Kelly D. P. (1986) Breakdown of dimethyl sulphide by mixed cultures and by Thiobacillus thioparus. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 34, 13-19. 

Smith N. A. and Kelly D. P. (1988b) Oxidation of carbon disulphide as the sole source of energy for the autotrophic growth of Thiobacillus thioparus strain TK-m. J. Gen. Microbiol. 134, 3041-3048. 

Van den Ende F. P. and Van Gemerden H. (1993) Sulfide oxidation under oxygen limitation by a Thiobacillus thioparus isolated from a marine microbial mat. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 13, 69-78. 

In a typical process rubber powder, mainly SBR of old tires with 1.6% sulfur, was treated with different species of Thiobacillus, i.e., Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Thiobacillus thiooxidans, and Thiobacillus thioparus in shake flasks and in a laboratory reactor. The sulfur oxidation depends to a large extent on the particle size. The best results were obtained with T. thioparus with a particle size of 100-200 pm. Of the total sulfur of the rubber powder, 4.7 /o was oxidized to sulfate within 40 days.f ... 

Liibben M, Kolmerer B, Saraste M (1992) On archaebacterial terminal oxidase combines core structures of two mitochondrial respiratory complexes. EMBO J 11 805-812 Lundgren DG, Silver M (1980) Ore leaching by bacteria. Annu Rev Microbiol 34 263-283 Lyric RM, Suzuki I (1970a) Enzyme involved in the metabolism of thiosulfate by Thiobacillus thioparus III. Properties of thiosulfate-oxidizing enzyme and proposed pathway of thiosulfate oxidation. Can J Biochem 48 355-363... 

Lyric RM, Suzuki I (1970c) Kinetic studies of sulfite cytochrome c oxidoreductase, thiosulfate-oxidizing enzyme, and adenosine-5 -phosphosulfate reductase from Thiobacillus thioparus. Can J Microbiol 48 594-603... 

Pancreatic RNase, Ribonuclease I. Similar enzymes Venom RNase, Thiobacillus thioparus RNase,... 

Thiobacillus thioparus 7.4 170,000 Contains 1 molecule FAD and 8-10 atoms nonheme iron... 

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