Clindamycin, preparation

The b-wave amplitude was measured from the trough of the a-wave (inital negative deflection) to the peak of the b-wave. The b-wave reduction was calculated as l-bc where bc is the b-wave amplitude at the end of the Clindamycin perfiision phase and b is the b-wave amplitude prior to the Clindamycin perfusing phase. Clindamydn was added to the perfusate in the following concentrations 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, and 10 mMol/1. Because the available Clindamycin preparation contains a certain amount of Ben l Alcohol we also investigated the effects of Benzyl Alcohol on the ERG of the isolated perfused bovine retina using concentrations between 0.1 and 10 mMol/1. 

The Benzyl Alcohol portion of the Clindamycin preparation is non-toxic in the concentrations used for vitrectomy. With higher concentrations its effect is about half of the b-wave reduction induced by Clindamycin / Benzyl Alcohol. The b-wave recovery was faster after Benzyl Alcohol when compared to the Clindamycin / Benzyl Acohol preparation, suggesting a different mechanism of toxic action of both substances on the outer retina. 

Clindamycin 1% and erythromycin 2% preparations, applied once or twice daily, have similar effects and are the most commonly prescribed topical antibacterial agents.17 These agents, as well as sodium sulfacetamide, are available in various formulations for the treatment of acne. 

Amino acids D-, L-Amino acids Pharmaceutical preparations Synthetic 10 ppb (clindamycin) 100 fmol-22 pmol (arginine, va-... 

Topical preparations for the treatment of acne include the use of azelaic acid, salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide and triclosan. Clindamycin is an antibacterial preparation available for use in the treatment of acne both topically and systemically. 

Antibacterial preparations that may be used topically in acne include erythromycin, tetracycline and clindamycin. Isotretinoin is a tretinoin isomer used in the management of acne. 

Taste improvement is quite an important aspect of drug modification, especially in pediatric medicine. The extremely bitter taste of some antibiotics, such as clindamycin (3.36) or chloramphenicol (3.37), can be masked successfully by preparing esters or pamoate salts of these drugs, which are very insoluble and therefore have no taste. 

The use of triphenylphosphine-carbon tetrachloride to convert lincomycin (1) into clindamycin (2) has already been mentioned (see Section I, p. 226) the 7-bromo and 7-iodo analogs of 2 were also prepared by treatment of lincomycin hydrochloride with triphenylphosphine and carbon tetrabromide or carbon tetraiodide, with acetonitrile as the solvent.3... 

To decrease the likelihood of irritation, application should be limited to a low concentration (2.5%) once daily for the first week of therapy and increased in frequency and strength if the preparation is well tolerated. Fixed-combination formulations of 5% benzoyl peroxide with 3% erythromycin base (Benzamycin) or 1% clindamycin (BenzaClin) appear to be more effective than individual agents alone. 

Fig. 11. Eight transient 500 MHz H-NMR spectra of an 11.9 pg (0.027 pmol) sample of the antibiotic clindamycin (7) prepared in 500 pL of CDC13 in a 5 mm NMR tube (top trace) 292 pL in a 4mm tube (middle trace) and 163 pL in a 3 mm tube (bottom trace). All data were acquired using a 500 MHz 5 mm gradient inverse triple resonance Varian Cold-probe . The s/n ratio was measured for each spectrum using a 200 Hz region of representative noise downfield of the anomeric proton resonating at 5.3 ppm. The s/n ratios were 14.4 1, 20.8 1, and 21.5 1 for the 5, 4, and 3mm tubes, respectively.

Note. The name Clinimycin was formerly used for clindamycin and has also been used for a preparation of oxytetracycline. Methyl 6-amino-7-chloro-6,7,8-trideoxy-A-[(25, 4R)-1 -methyl-4-propylprolyll-1 -ihio- -L-threo-D-galacto-ociopymnosidQ Ci8H33C1N2O5S = 425.0 CAS—18323-44-9... 

Lincomycin undergoes hydrolysis of the thioglycoside group (catalyzed by acid) and hydrolysis of the amide function (probably both acid and base catalyzed). In very acidic medium, lincomycin degrades at the same rate of clindamycin. Above pH 1.5, lincomycin is more stable than clindamycin (16). Ultrasonic nebulization of lincomycin should be avoided during the preparation of solution due to the formation of a bad smell which may be attributed to the liberation of methanethiol(17). Lincomycin hydrochloride retained its initial antimicrobial activity for a minimum of one month at 5 C in both normal saline and 5 % aqueous dextrose solution (18). 

Sample preparation Capsules. Extract capsule contents with 0.5% phenethyl alcohol in mobile phase for 30 min, filter, inject an aliquot. Syrup. Measure out an amount of syrup containing 50 mg clindamycin, mix with 5 mL 0.5% phenethyl alcohol in mobile phase, inject an aliquot. Bulk. Dissolve 15 mg drug in 1 mL 0.5% phenethyl alcohol in mobile phase, ii ject a 25 p,L aliquot. 

Sample preparation Prepare a 400 p,g/mL solution of clindamycin in mobile phase, inject a 25 xL aliquot. 

THERAPEUTIC USES The oral dose of chndamycin (cleocin) for adults is 150-300 mg every 6 hours for severe infections, it is 300-600 mg every 6 hours. Children should receive 8-12 mg/kg/day of clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride (cleocin pediatric) in three or four divided doses, or for severe infections, 13-25 mg/kg/day. However, children weighing <10 kg should receive half teaspoonful of this preparation (37.5 mg) every 8 hours as a minimal dose. 

Patients who receive clindamycin may also experience hypersensitivity. Therefore, you must be prepared to identify the signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity and treat them if conditions become intolerable for the patient. 

Methyl penta-A,0-acetyl-a-D-lincosaminide, related to lincomycin (55, X=OH), has been prepared from myo-inosotol/ Lincomycin has been converted by a double inversion sequence via the chloride (clindamycin) into the analogues 55, X=N3, imidazol-2-thiyl, etc/ and the lincosamine-related structure 56 has been made from l,2 3,4-diO-isopropylidene-D-galactose/ ... 

Becker LE, Bergstresser PR, Whiting DA, et al. (1981) Topical clindamycin therapy for acne vulgaris. A cooperative clinical study. Arch Dermatol 117 482-485 Bennett C (1980) Dimethyl sulfoxide. JAMA 244 2768 Bertaggia A (1968) A case of pseudo-precocious puberty in a girl following the use of an estrogen preparation on the skin. Pediatria (Napoli) 76 579-585... 

Benzyl Alcohol in concentrations of 0.3 and 1 mMol/1 did not affect the ERG b-wave. However, higher concentrations disclosed a relatively st reversible reduction of the b-wave (Figure 3). The b-wave recovery was significantly fester when compared to the recovery in the Sobelin series. A Sobelin solution witii 1 inMol/1 Clindamycin contains about 0.3 mMol/1 Benzyl Alcohol. Figure 4 shows the Benzyl Alcohol related b-wave reduction in ClindanydnyBenzyl Alcohol preparations. 

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