Climate stable

Plasticizer esters are relatively iaert, thermally stable Hquids with high flash points and low volatihty. Consequently they can be stored safely ia mild steel storage tanks or dmms for extended periods of time. Exposure to high temperatures for extended periods, as encountered ia dmms ia hot climates, is not recommended since it may lead to a deterioration in product quaUty with respect to color, odor, and electrical resistance. 

It is clear from the records of ice ages (see, e.g., Fig. 1-2) that Earth can have and has had climates that are different from our current state. Other, more extreme possibilities have been suggested, each of which could be stable for considerable periods of fime. The frozen "snowball Earth" already mentioned is analogous to present-day Mars, where its CO2 green-... 

The power of this technique is due to the fact that the temperature-depth profile is a direct remnant of paleotemperatures at the ice-sheet surface. It provides a quantitatively accurate measure of long-term average temperatures. This allows the stable isotope records to be calibrated for major climate events (Cuffey et ah, 1995). 

Climate and habitat reconstruction using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope... 

Fizet, M., Mariotti, A. and Bocherens, H. 1995 Effect of diet, physiology and climate on carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes of collagen in a Late Pleistocene anthropic palaeoecosystem Marillac, Charente, France. Journal of Archaeological Science 22 67-79. 

Ambrose focuses on stable nitrogen isotope ratios and reports the results of controlled diet and climate experiments on rats. He explores trophic level differences and heat stress and their effects on stable isotopes of nitrogen. As with the preceding chapters by Schwarcz and Hedges and van Klinken, Ambrose explores the various biochemical principles that explain why variation is expected under these circumstances. 

Ambrose, S.H. DeNiro, M.J. (1989). Climate and habitat reconstruction using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of collagen in prehistoric herbivore teeth from Kenya. Quaternary Research 31,407-422. 

Hoppe, K.A. (2009). How well do the stable hydrogen isotope ratios of bone collagen from modern herbivores track climatic patterns 2009 Portland GSA Annual Meeting (18-21 October 2009), GSA Abstracts with Programs 41 (7), pp. 311. 

Leyden, J.J., Wassenaar, L.L, Hobson, K.A., Walker, E.G. (2006). Stable hydrogen isotopes of bison bone collagen as a proxy for Holocene climate on the Northern Great Plains. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Vol. 239, pp. 87-99. (http //dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.01.009)... 

Ceding, T.E. (1984) The stable isotopic composition of modem soil carbonate and its relationship to climate. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 71, 229-240. 

There are a number of light stable isotope measurements that provide very important data in the study of paleoclimates to better understand and interpret anthropogenic contributions to present-day climate change (Fritz and Fontes 1980). These measurements involve the determination of carbon and oxygen isotopes in fresh-... 

Alley RB, Mayewski PA, Sowers T, Stuiver M, Taylor KC, Clark PU (1997) Holocene climatic instability A prominent, widespread event 8200 yr ago. Geology 25 483-486 Amelin Y, Zaitsev AN (2002) Precise geochronology of phoscorites and carbonatites The critical role of U-series disequilibrium in age interpretations. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 66 2399-2419 Amundson RG, Chadwick OA, Sowers JM, Doner HE (1988) Relationship between climate and vegetation and the stable carbon isotope chemistry of soils in the eastern Mojave Desert, Nevada. Ouat Res 29 245-254... 

Dorale JA, Edwards RL, Ito E, Gonzalez LA (1998) Climate and vegetation history of the Midcontinent from 75 to 25 ka a speleothem record from Crevice Cave, Missonri, USA. Science 282 1871-1874 Dorale JA, Edwards RL, Onac BP (2002) Stable isotopes as enviromnental indicators in speleothems. In Karst Processes and the Carbon Cycle. Ynan, D-X (ed) Geological Pnbhshing Honse, Beijing, China, p 107-120... 

All of the Forum participants believe that the solution to humanity s problems, particularly the problem of energy, requires a secure and stable peace. To this end, reduction in the world s armaments could make a strong contribution, both in improving the international political climate, and in making available new resources and materials that could be applied to development of energy systems. 

Gray, J. (1985), The use of stable isotope data in climate reconstruction, in Wigley, T. M. L., M. J. Ingram, and G. Farmer (eds.), Climate and History Studies in Ancient Climates and Their Impact on Man, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK. 

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