Crevice Cave

Dorale JA, Edwards RL, Ito E, Gonzalez LA (1998) Climate and vegetation history of the Midcontinent from 75 to 25 ka a speleothem record from Crevice Cave, Missonri, USA. Science 282 1871-1874 Dorale JA, Edwards RL, Onac BP (2002) Stable isotopes as enviromnental indicators in speleothems. In Karst Processes and the Carbon Cycle. Ynan, D-X (ed) Geological Pnbhshing Honse, Beijing, China, p 107-120... 

Crevice Cave, Missouri, (Dorale et al., 1998) Grotte Pere Noel, Belgium, (Quinif, 1991) Little Trimmer Cave, Tasmmiia, (Goede et al., 1986). 

Table 3. Isochron U-Th-Pa data for Crevice Cave stalagmite CC-99-12-A-102.5...

Table 5. Corrected vs. uncorrected ages for some Crevice Cave stalagmite sub-samples...

Table 8. U-Th data for stalagmite CC-94-9-DBL-L from Crevice Cave, Missouri ...

The oldest loess-like sediments referable to the Lower Pleistocene have been found in Hungary at locality no. 5 at Vill ny, locality no. 4 imbedded in the freshwater limestone of Dunaalmds and locality no. 2 at Somssich Hill. These rocks, however, cannot be considered as typical loess because originally they were situated in cracks and crevices or deposited on freshwater limestone. They thus show a somewhat intermediate character, similar to cave loess. Similarly, we may refer the Lower Pleistocene material of the yellow layers of locality no. 8 at Villany to cave loesses (Kretzoi, 1956), in which the fauna elements indicate a cool, dry environment at the time of deposition. 

Most populations are strictly dependent upon caves, a few others may occur in cave-like habitats such as rock crevices and ravines in mesic or moist woods. In Italy, Dolichopoda populations often occur also in man made hypogean habitats, such as cellars, catacombs, Etruscan tombs and aqueducts. These environments differ from each other in several features. Natural caves are habitats established since a rather long time, relatively stable and predictable in climate, community patterns and trophic resources. On the contrary, artificial caves are younger habitats, often seasonally variable in climate, poor in trophic resources, and characterized by simpler and relatively unpredictable community patterns. Differences in population size, phenology, age structure and other life history traits appear to characterize populations living in either type of habitat (Carchini et al., 1983, 1990 ... 

Hill 89, the last major strongpoint of southern Okinawa and headquarters of the Japanese 3 2d Army, was attacked by the 7th Division on 20 June 1945. Here again was almost unbelievably difficult terrain cut up by natural caves, tunnels, and crevices. For weeks the area had. been systematically pounded by naval gunfire, long-range artillery, rockets, and aerial bombing. A number of Japanese surrendered but many others fought to the bitter end. 

Before the infantry attack the flame thrower and conventional tanks moved out to burn off the remainder of the foliage from Hill 89 and its approaches, which they left an ugly blackened mass of jagged coral. On the second day the flame-throwing tanks advanced in increasing numbers to pour thousands of gallons of burning fuel into caves and crevices. Then the infantry, supported by flame tanks, medium tanks, and artillery, successfully stormed the hill. 

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