Climate change Kyoto protocol

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Kyoto Protocol of 1997, United Nations 1997, N.Y. 

Howes, R. and Famberg, A. eds. (1991). The Energy Sourcebook. New York American Institute of Physics. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. (1997). Kyoto Protocol. New York United Nations. 

The environmental benefits of TES is utmost important and discussed within the framework of UN Convention on Climate Change and Kyoto Protocol which is a significant issue of critical debate among countries nowadays (7). 

UNFCCC (1997) Kyoto protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on climate change. Document FCCC/CP/1997/7/ Add 1, http //www.unfccc.de Van Cleve K, Powers RF (1995) Soil carbon, soil formation, and ecosystem development. In McFee WW, Kelly JM (eds) Carbon forms and functions in forest soils. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, pp 155-200 Wedin TA, Tieszen LL, Dewey B, Pastor J (1995) Carbon isotope dynamics during grass decomposition and soil organic matter formation. Ecology 76 1383-1392... 

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol, as such, have not foreseen C02 capture and storage as a means of emissions reduction. The UNFCCC defined emissions as, The release of greenhouse gases and/or their precursors into the atmosphere, (Article 1(4), UNFCCC, 1992). Consequently, C02 captured at source and stored outside the atmosphere is not an emission according to the definition in the Convention. Since industrial activity with CCS (and a theoretical 100% capture rate) does not create emissions according to the UNFCCC definition, one could interpret the action of C02 capture and storage as an emission reduction. Purdy and Macrory (2004) point out that this... 

FIGURE 14.63 Calculated temperature changes relative to 1990 for existing policies (—), for a 5% decrease in equivalent C02 as required by Kyoto protocol from 1990 to 2010 followed by no further emissions reductions ( ), and for further reductions of 1% per year (compounded) from 2010 to 2100 (---) assuming a climate sensitiv-... 

According to the U.N. Framework Convention on Climatic Change, total worldwide C02 emission amounts to 428,941 Ggyr 1 and the 10% reduction required by the Kyoto Protocol would correspond to 11,698GgCyr1. Lai (2002b) estimated the... 

The fourth International Conference on Carbon Dioxide Utilization (ICCDU IV) is very timely. Governments from around the world will meet in Kyoto in December 1997 to agree on a new Protocol or Another Legal Instrument o the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The conference provides a very valuable opportunity to take stock of activities in a potentially important area of climate change responses - CO utilization. 

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