Krypton Argon

Fender B E F and Halsey G D Jr 1962 Second virial coefficients of argon, krypton and argon-krypton mixtures at low temperatures J. Chem. Phys. 36 1881... 

Heliurn, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon)... 

Noble gases (Section 1 1) The elements in group VIIIA of the penodic table (helium neon argon krypton xenon radon)... 

Similar results with graphitized carbon blacks have been obtained for the heat of adsorption of argon,krypton,and a number of hydrocarbons (Fig. 2.12). In all these cases the heat of adsorption falls to a level only slightly above the molar heat of condensation, in the vicinity of the point where n = n . 

The physical properties of argon, krypton, and xenon are frequendy selected as standard substances to which the properties of other substances are compared. Examples are the dipole moments, nonspherical shapes, quantum mechanical effects, etc. The principle of corresponding states asserts that the reduced properties of all substances are similar. The reduced properties are dimensionless ratios such as the ratio of a material s temperature to its critical... 

The efficiency of a helium—neon laser is improved by substituting helium-3 for helium-4, and its maximum gain curve can be shifted by varying the neon isotopic concentrations (4). More than 80 wavelengths have been reported for pulsed lasers and 24 for continuous-wave lasers using argon, krypton, and xenon lasing media (111) (see Lasers). 

Simple Fluids. Spherical compounds having Httle molecular interaction, eg, argon, krypton, xenon, and methane, are known as simple fluids and obey the theory of corresponding states. 

Calculated from P T values tabulated in Rabinovich (ed.), Thetmophysical Fropetiies of Neon, Argon, Krypton and Xenon, Standard Press, Moscow, 1976. This book was published in English translation by Hemisphere, New York, 1988 (604 pp.). 

Values extracted and in some cases rounded off from those cited in Rabinovich (ed.), Theimophysical Fropeities of Neon, Argon, Krypton and Xenon, Standards Press, Moscow, 1976. This source contains an exhaustive tabulation of values, v = specific volume, mVkg h = specific enthalpy, kj/kg s = specific entropy, kJ/(kg-K). The notation 6.76.—3 signifies 6.76 x 10 . This book was published in English translation by Hemisphere, New York, 1988 (604 pp.). 

The Noble Gases Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon and Radon... 

The dozen or so elements that are normally found as gases include nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and chlorine. Where are these placed in the periodic table (see inside front cover) ... 

A large number of nonlasing plasma lines emitted from the discharge plasma tube often interfere in the recorded Raman spectra. Loader (40) listed tables of plasma lines when using the argon ion and argon/krypton ion lasers as Raman sources. 

Menger P., van der Elsken J. Four time density correlations around a dissolved HC1 molecule in dense argon, krypton and xenon as determined from linewidth data, J. Chem. Phys. 75, 17-21 (1981). 

Taylor and Jarman [1] observed SL spectra in the range of 280-740 nm from 2 M NaCl solutions saturated with argon, krypton and xenon sonicated at frequencies of 16 and 500 kHz. The spectra showed a continuum background with bands at about 310 nm and a peak of sodium D line, which exhibited appreciable asymmetric broadening, as shown in Fig. 13.2. The bands around 310 nm result from the A2L+ — X2n transition of OH radicals. The OH bands are quenched in salt solutions compared with those in water, which suggests the energy transfer reaction... 

The elements helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon—known as the noble gases—almost always have monatomic molecules. Their atoms are not combined with atoms of other elements or with other atoms like themselves. Prior to 1962, no compounds of these elements were known. (Since 1962, some compounds of krypton, xenon, and radon have been prepared.) Why are these elements so stable, while the elements with atomic numbers 1 less or 1 more are so reactive The answer lies in the electronic structures of their atoms. The electrons in atoms are arranged in shells, as described in Sec. 3.6. (A more detailed account of electronic structure will be presented in Chap. 17.)... 

Radon forms a series of clathrate compounds (inclusion compounds) similar to those of argon, krypton, and xenon. These can be prepared by mixing trace amounts of radon with macro amounts of host substances and allowing the mixtures to crystallize. No chemical bonds are formed the radon is merely trapped in the lattice of surrounding atoms it therefore escapes when the host crystal melts or dissolves. Compounds prepared in this manner include radon hydrate, Rn 6H20 (Nikitin, 1936) radon-phenol clathrate, Rn 3C H 0H (Nikitin and Kovalskaya, 1952) radon-p-chlorophenol clathrate, Rn 3p-ClC H 0H (Nikitin and Ioffe, 1952) and radon-p-cresol clathrate, Rn bp-CH C H OH (Trofimov and Kazankin, 1966). Radon has also been reported to co-crystallize with sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen sulfide (Nikitin, 1939). 

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