Cleaner production goals

The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) defines cleaner production as the conceptual and procedural approach to production that demands that all phases of the life-cycle of products must be addressed with the objective of the prevention or minimization of short- and long-term risks to humans and the environment. A total societal commitment is required for effecting this comprehensive approach to achieving the goal of sustainable societies. 9... 

The Cleaner Production Programme provides an active contribution to the implementation of the United Nations Millennium Declaration and the achievement of United Nations Millennium Development Goals 1 (eradicate extreme poverty and hunger), 7 (ensure environmental sustainability) and 8 (develop a global partnership for development). 

Since 1994, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) has been operating the Cleaner Production programme. The goal of this programme is to assist small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries and countries with economies in transition to improve their productivity while preventing unfavourable impacts on the environment. 

Use posters or banners to inform the staff about the pollution scenario and the requirements, benefits, objectives, and goals ofthe upcoming waste minimization and cleaner production program. 

The hierarchy of waste management techniques has prevention as the most desirable option ahead of minimisation, recycling and, as the least desirable option, disposal. The term cleaner production embraces principles and goals that fall comfortably within the waste prevention-minimisation range. It has been described within the United Nations Environmental Programme as ... 

Today, the goal of refineries is not just to maximize the conversion of crude oil but to fabricate cleaner products. There are many individual processes for the obtaining of desired products, the most important processes catalyzed by TMS... 

Petroleum and Goal. The alkanolarnines have found wide use in the petroleum industry. The ethanolamines are used as lubricants and stabilizers in drilling muds. Reaction products of the ethan olamines and fatty acids are used as emulsion stabilizers, chemical washes, and bore cleaners (168). Oil recovery has been enhanced through the use of ethan olamine petroleum sulfonates (169—174). OH—water emulsions pumped from wells have been demulsifted through the addition of triethanolarnine derivatives. Alkanolarnines have been used in recovering coal in aqueous slurries and as coal—oil mix stabilizers (175—177). 

The Methanol Institute is the trade association representing the methanol industiy in the United States. One of its goals is to protect and expand markets for methanol. The single largest market for methanol is in the production of methyl tertiaiy butly ether (MTBE), the oxygenate additive used in cleaner-burning reformulated gasoline (RFG). 

Pharmaceutical Removal of suspended matter is a frequent application for MF. Processes may be either clarification, in which the main product is a clarified liquid, or solids recovery. Separating cells or their fragments from broth is the most common application. Clarification of the broth in preparation for product recovery is the usual objective, but the primary goal may be recovery of cells. Cross-flow microfiltration competes w l with centrifugation, conventional filtration by rotary vacuum filter or filter press and decantation. MF delivers a cleaner permeate, an uncontaminated, concentrated cell product... 

Removal of the tri-wo-propylsilyl (TIPS) and tm-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) protecting groups could be accomplished concomitantly with TBAF in tetrahydrofuran at 0 °C, but here competing elimination of the secondary bromide was observed. Better overall yields and cleaner conversion was observed when TBS ether was cleaved with 5 % aqueous HF in acetonitrile at 0 °C followed by removal of the acetylenic TIPS with TBAF under milder conditions of -78 °C.10 The diastereomers are not separated before the desilylation process therefore even a 3 1 mixture of E- and Z-enyne is obtained. Prelaureatin 4 and its F-isomer 17 are likewise goals in natural product synthesis. Crimmins and co-workers developed an own synthetic route to 4. The reaction sequence is similar up to aldehyde 55. Afterwards a Z-vinyl-iodide is selectively formed and the alkyne is introduced via a Sonogashira reaction. 

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