Claw

Ensure that all the individual components in the assembly are adequately supported when in position the friction between contiguous ground-glass surfaces does not provide adequate support. Therefore always use clamps, the claws of which are lined with rubber or other soft material. When assembling apparatus, allow some play in the clamps until the individual parts are in position, and then secure the position of the assembly by gently increasing the pressure of the clamps. 

Wool, as a keratin, is a highly cross-linked, insoluble proteinaceous fiber, and few animals have developed the specialized digestive systems that aUow them to derive nutrition from the potential protein resource. In nature, these few keratin-digesting animals, principally the larvae of clothes moths and carpet beetles, perform a useful function in scavenging the keratinous parts of dead animals and animal debris (fur, skin, beak, claw, feathers) that ate inaccessible to other animals. It is only when these keratin-digesting animals attack processed wool goods that they are classified as pests. Very often they enter domestic or industrial huildings from natural habitats such as birds nests. 

There is some evidence for chemically mediated endocrine disruption in amphibians. The egg yolk protein, vitellogenin, is inducible in amphibians by exposure to DDT. " Males of the short clawed toad Xenopus laevis given 250 fig/g or 1 fig/g o,p -DDT for seven days have been shown to produce vitellogenin, although the induction was less than that achieved by treatment with 1 fig/g of either 17/1-oestradiol or diethylstilboestrol. Research has also shown that endocrine disrupting chemicals can alter sex ratios in wild populations of certain species PCB congeners and organochlorine compounds have been linked with male domination of sex ratios in polluted compared to unpolluted sites. ... 

A claw-type puller, as shown in Figure 10.2, with adjustable jaws must be used when pulling out the bearing or the pulley from its seat. The claws are so set that they do not bear against the outer ring of the bearing while... 

Mucus gel is propelled toward the epiglottis by a two-phase ciliary beat cycle. Forward mucus movement occurs during the effective or power phase of the cycle, when cilia fully extend and traverse an arc perpendicular to the epithelial surface (Fig. 5.24). Claw-like structures, 25-35 nm long, project from each cilia tip and appear to assist in the mechanical transfer of momentum from cilia to mucus gel. Maximum mucus velocity depends on the extent cilia penetrate the epiphase during the power phase, periciliary and mucus gel viscosity, and cilia density. 

Design of self-adapting N-heteroaromatic-substituted claw ligands as E /M" " (E = p-block element, M = main group metal)chargedspacers 97CB1365. 

Klaue, /. claw paw hoof prong pawl clutch. 

Nagel, m, nail spike peg claw, -bohrer, m. gimlet. 

Pratze,/. claw arm, lug, bracket. Praventivimpfung, /. preventive inoculation. prazi, in. in practice. 

Figure 46.2 Captor-type claw hood for a furnace...

Some ligands have more than one atom with an unshared pair of electrons and hence can form more than one bond with a central metal atom. Ligands of this type are referred to as chelating agents the complexes formed are referred to as chelates (from the Greek chela, crab s claw). Two of the most common chelating agents are the oxalate anion (abbreviated ox) and the ethylenediamine molecule (abbreviated en), whose Lewis structures are... 

Chelant from Chela, the claw of a crab, lobster, or scorpion, and, in this context, meaning to hold apart). 

The word chelating comes from the Latin word for claws, chelae, like the claws of a crab. A chelating agent grabs on to another molecule, like a crab s claw, and prevents it from reacting with other molecules. 

The diversity in primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary stmctures of proteins means that few generalisations can be made concerning their chemical properties. Some fulfil stmctural roles, such as the collagens (found in bone) and keratin (found in claws and beaks), and are insoluble in all solvents. Others, such as albumins or globulins of plasma, are very soluble in water. Still others, which form part of membranes of cells, are partly hydrophilic ( water-loving , hence water-soluble) and partly lipophilic ( lipid-loving , hence fat-soluble). 

Du Preez, L.H., Solomon, K.R., and Carr, J. A. et al. (2005). Population structure of the African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis) in maize-growing areas with atrazine application versus non-maize-growing areas in South Africa. African Journal of Herpetology 54, 61-68. 

The best form of clamp has both arms of the claw independently movable with a screw to tighten up each (Figure 8, 7). Many standard forms have only one tightening screw, and one movable arm is... 

Fig. 4.3 Morphogenesis during metamorphosis in Amphibia diagramatic sequence of MOS/AOS formation in African Clawed Toad (Xenopus). OP, olfactory placode PC, principal cavity and MC, mid-cavity (from Meyer and Jadhao, 1996).

The lateral diverticulum cells in semi-terrestrial species such as toads can still detect a wide range of amino acids, comparable to the properties of fish neuroepithelium. Both water-soluble and volatile odourants are discriminated by the olfactory neurones of the Clawed toad (Xenopus) (Iida and Kashiwayanagi, 1999). When single olfactory neurones were tested with acidic, neutral and basic amino acids, over 50% of the receptors gave some excitatory response. 

Hansen A., Reiss J.O., Gentry C.L. and Burd G. (1998). Ultrastructure of the olfactory organ in the clawed frog, Xenopus laevis during larval development and metamorphosis. J Comp Neurol 398, 273-288. 

Pearl C., Cervantes M., Chan M., Ho U., et al. (2000). Evidence for a mate-attracting chemosignal in the dwarf African clawed frog Hymenochirus spp. Horm Behav 38, 67-74. 

Petti M.A., Matheson S.F. and Burd G.D. (1999). Differential antigen expression during metamorphosis in the tripartite olfactory system of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. Cell Tiss Res 297, 383-396. 

Saito S. and Taniguchi K. (2000). Expression patterns of glyco-conjugates in the three distinctive olfactory pathways of the clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. J Vet Med Sci 62, 153-159. 

Chlorinated taxodione 8 was also found along with taxodione 1 from the stem of Rosemarinus officinalis, although its biological activity is yet to be studied (Scheme 8.2).21 Maytenoquinone 9, a structural isomer of taxodione 1, has been isolated from the roots of several medicinal plants such as Maytenus dispermus,22 Salvia melissodora,23 and Harpagophytum procumbems (devil s claw)24 used in folklore medicine. 

Clarkson, C. StasK, D. Hansen, S. H. Smith, P. J. Jaroszewski, J. W. Identification of major and minor constitutes of Harpagophytum procumbens (devil s claw) using HPLC-SPE-NMR and HPLC-ESIMS/APCIMS. J. Nat. Prod. 2006, 69, 1280-1288. 

Capsicum Celery Chamomile Clove Danshen Devil s claw ... 

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