Class-1 aldehyde dehydrogenase

Moore SA, Baker HM, Blythe TJ, Kit-son KE, Kitson TM, Baker EN. Sheep liver cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase the structure reveals the basis for the retinal specificity of class 1 aldehyde dehydrogenases. Structure 1998 6 1541-1551. 

Moreb JS, Turner C, Sreerama L, ZuCALI JR, SlADEK NE, SCHWEDER M. Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha induce class 1 aldehyde dehydrogenase mRNA and protein in bone marrow cells. Leuk Lymphoma 1995 20 77-84. 

A major class of enzymes that catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions. This class includes dehydrogenases, reductases, oxygenases, peroxidases, and a few synthases. Examples include alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1), aldehyde oxidase (EC 1.2.3.1), orotate reductase (EC 1.3.1.14), glutamate synthase (EC 1.4.1.14), NAD(P) transhydrogenase (EC 1.6.1.1), and glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9). 

This study should be considered in relation with the Jester study [16] on rabbits. The latter suggests that the postnatal development of the comeal transparency of rabbits might be associated with the decline of the density of keratocytes, with their evolution toward resting state and with their excretion of two water soluble proteins class lAl dehydrogenase aldehyde and transketolase. 

Takimoto K, Lindahl R, Dunn TJ, et al. 1994. Structure of the 5 flanking region of class 3 aldehyde dehydrogenase in the rat. Arch Biochem Biophys 312 539-546. 

Oxidases 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 + Alcohol dehydrogenase, class 1, ADH2 (B) (125) + Alcohol dehydrogenase, class 1, ADH3 () (126) + Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial (127) + Monoamine oxidase A (128) + Monoamine oxidase B (129) + Catalase (130) + Superoxide dismutase (131) + Trimethylamine TV-oxidase (132) + Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (133)... 

Other classes include aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors aldose reductase inhibitors aminopeptidase inhibitors aromatase inhibitors carboxypeptidase inhibitors cyclooxygenase inhibitors dihydrofolate... 

Aldehyde dehydrogenases [AEDHs alde-hyde NAD(P) oxidoreductases EC 1.2.1.3 and EC 1.2.1.51 exist in multiple forms in the cytosol, mitochondria, and microsomes of various mammalian tissues. It has been proposed that AEDHs form a superfamily of related enzymes consisting of class 1 AEDHs (cytosolic), class 2 AEDHs (mitochondrial), and class 3 AEDHs (tumor-associated and other isozymes). In all three major classes, constitutive and inducible isozymes exist. In a proposed nomenclature system, the human AEDHs are designated as lAl, 1A6, IBl, 2, 3A1, 3A2, 3B1, 3B2, 4A1, 5A1, 6A1, 7A1, 8A1, and 9A1 (33-35). 

Enzyme inhibition sensors are the most commonly reported enzyme-based biosensors for the detection of toxic compounds and heavy metal ions. The sensors are based on the selective inhibition of specific enzymes by classes of compounds or by the more general inhibition of enzyme activity. Most of the research carried out has been directed toward the detection of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides and the triazine herbicides and metal ions analysis [72,73]. Several enzymes have been used in inhibition sensors for pesticides and heavy metal analysis using water, soil, and food samples including choline esterase, horseradish peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, urease, and aldehyde dehydrogenase. 

Oxidations are the most common biotransformation reactions that occur with most drugs. There are several classes of enzymes that carry out these reactions cytochrome P450s, flavin monooxygenases, monoamine oxidases, xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidases, aldehyde dehydrogenases, and peroxidases. Typical reactions and substrate substructures for each of these classes of enzymes will be described. 

Alcohol dehydrogenases are a class of zinc enzymes, which catalyse the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to the corresponding aldehyde or ketone by the transfer of a hydride anion to NAD+ with release of a proton ... 

The first sub-class of the oxido reductases is 1.1, and it comprises the dehydrogenases which act on primary or secondary alcohols or hemiacetals. They are mostly used for reduction of ketones and aldehydes. Two other categories are oxygenases and oxidases. The latter is not much used in biocatalysis. 

As a class of enzymes, the alcohol dehydrogenases catalyze the conversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones, for example,... 

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