Clark equation

Clark Equation. For the vapor-liquid equilibria of a binary mixture at either constant pressure or constant temperature, Clark (Ref. 6) has suggested that the ratio of the mol fractions in one phase is a linear... 

One shortcoming of Schild analysis is an overemphasized use of the control dose-response curve (i.e., the accuracy of every DR value depends on the accuracy of the control EC o value). An alternative method utilizes nonlinear regression of the Gaddum equation (with visualization of the data with a Clark plot [10], named for A. J. Clark). This method, unlike Schild analysis, does not emphasize control pECS0, thereby giving a more balanced estimate of antagonist affinity. This method, first described by Lew and Angus [11], is robust and theoretically more sound than Schild analysis. On the other hand, it is not as visual. Schild analysis is rapid and intuitive, and can be used to detect nonequilibrium steady states in the system that can corrupt... 

To apply this method, the pECS0 values of the control and shifted dose-response curves and the corresponding concentrations of antagonist [B] values associated with those pECjgS are used to construct a Clark plot [10] according to the equation... 

Although the Clark plot can be used to visualize the slope relationship between pECS0 and -Log ([B] + 10 pKs), deviation of the slope from unity is better obtained by refitting the data to a power departure version of Equation 6.27 ... 

FIGURE 6.15 Example of application of method of Lew and Angus [10]. (a) Dose-response data, (b) Clark plot according to Equation 6.27 shown, (c) Data refit to power departure version of Equation 6.27 to detect slopes different from unity (Equation 6.28). (d) Data refit to quadratic departure version of Equation 6.27 to detect deviation from linearity (Equation 6.29). 

Cheng-Prasoff relationship, 65-66, 214 Cholecystokinin receptor antagonists, 80 Cimetidine, 9-10 Clark, Alfred J., 3, 3f, 12, 41 Clark plot, 114 Clearance, 165—166 Clinical pharmacokinetics, 165 Cocaine, 149, 150f Competitive antagonism description of, 114 Gaddum equation for, 101-102, 113,... 

Rational design, 148-149, 152 Real-time assays, 83, 88 Receptor(s). See also Drug receptors affinity for, 6, 63 allosteric model of, 143 Clark s work, 3 classical model of, 44-45 concept of, 2-4 conformations, 13-14, 13 Of conservation equation for, 76 constitutive activity of, 49-51 coupling of, 27 definition of, 2 desensitization of, 34 efficacy for, 6... 

FIGURE 26.27 Side force coefficient as function of c (Equation 26.17c) for a bias tire for different loads. The solid line is the function of the brush model. (From Schallamach, A. and Grosch, K.A., Mechanics of Pneumatic Tires, S.K. Clark (ed.), The US Department of Transportation, National Highway Safety Administration, Washington DV, data from Nordeen, D.L. and Cortese, A.D., Trans S.A.E., 72, 325, 1964.)... 

The law of mass action has been successfully applied to many drug dose-response relationships since the early work of Clark. The systematic relation between the dose of a drug and the magnitude of its response is based on three assumptions (1) response is proportional to the level of receptor occupancy (occupancy theory), (2) one drug molecule combines with one receptor site, and (3) a negligible fraction of total drug is combined with the receptors. These assumptions must also apply to Beidler s equation. 

We assume here that the del Castillo-Katz model applies. Using the Gaddum equation, based on the simpler scheme explored by Hill and by Clark, leads to exactly the same conclusion, as the reader can easily show by following the same steps but starting with Eq. (1.48). 

Clark, P.E. and Quadir, J.A. "Prop Transport in Hydraulic Fractures A Critical Review of Particle Settling Velocity Equations," SPE/DOE paper 9866, 1981 SPE/DOE Low Permeability Symposium, Denver, May 27-29. 

Once the carbon inputs are known or estimated, several different methods can be used to determine carbon turnover. SOC turnover can be described using zero and first-order kinetics (Paul and Clark 1989). For zero-order kinetics, the temporal change in the substrate concentration (SSOC/St) is defined by the equation... 

For systems where the mineralization rate is dependent on the substrate concentration, first-order kinetics can be used to describe carbon turnover (Paul and Clark 1989 Six and Jastrow 2002). The first-order rate equation is... 

Weston s cell was much less temperature sensitive than the previous standard, the Clark cell. We recall how the value of AG changes with temperature according to Equation (4.38). In a similar way, the value of AG(Ceii) for a cell relates to the entropy change A ceii) such that the change of emf with temperature follows... 

Linear stability theories have also been applied to analyses of liquid sheet breakup processes. The capillary instability of thin liquid sheets was first studied by Squire[258] who showed that instability and breakup of a liquid sheet are caused by the growth of sinuous waves, i.e., sideways deflections of the sheet centerline. For a low viscosity liquid sheet, Fraser et al.[73] derived an expression for the wavelength of the dominant unstable wave. A similar formulation was derived by Li[539] who considered both sinuous and varicose instabilities. Clark and DombrowskF540 and Reitz and Diwakar13161 formulated equations for liquid sheet breakup length. 

Alupent has a normal adult dose of 20 mg tid for asthma. How much Alupent should be given to a child weighing 75 lb by the Clarke s Equation ... 

By using Clarke s Equation determine the dose of Tegretol for a child weighing 62 lb. The usual adult dose of Tegretol is 100 mg bid. 

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