Circuits Theory

E. M. Boone, Circuit Theory of Electron Devues, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1953. W. G. Dow, Fundamentals of Engineering Electronics, John Wiley and Sons, New York, second edition, 1952. J. Millman and S. Seely, Electronics, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, second edition, 1951. S. Seely, Electron-Tube Circuits, McGraw-IIill Book Co., second edition, New York, 1958. R. R. Wright. Electronics. Principles and Apjlications, The Ronald Press Co., New York, 1950. 

C. Paracellular Transport—Equivalent Pore and Circuit Theory... 

With respect to the size and charge selectivity of paracellular pathways, equivalent pore theory has been utilized to calculate an effective radius based on the membrane transport of uncharged hydrophilic molecules, while equivalent circuit theory has been used to separate mediated from paracellular membrane transport of small ions. The term equivalent should be emphasized, as selectivity parameters are obtained from membrane transport data, so phenomenological information is used to quantitate the magnitude of aqueous pathways... 

Additional epithelial aqueous pathways of significantly smaller radius (<3 A) have also been documented utilizing both equivalent pore and circuit theory [25], These pathways may correspond to specific channels through lipid membranes as opposed to paracellular pathways. Osmotically activated ion channels [35] and even specific water channels [36] have been characterized in renal epithelia. In intestinal epithelia, mucosal chloride channels have been studied in secreting crypt cells, and basolateral potassium channels in colonic epithelia serve cellular ion and volume homeostatic functions. 

One of the first applications of the new mesh and node intramolecular circuit rules discussed above is the well-known problem in electrical circuit theory of the balancing of a Wheatstone bridge. In Fig. 21, a molecular Wheatstone bridge is presented, made of loop-like 4 tolane molecular wires bonded via benzopyrene end-groups for nano-pads 1 and 3, and via pyrene end-groups for nano-pads 2 and 4. This four-electrode and four-branch molecule is connected to a battery and an ammeter. 

In pure circuit theory, the velocity of circulation can be regarded as too orthodox a concept, partly due to the unrealistic quantity theory assumption that it is a stable parameter. However, in an implicit defence of the velocity concept, Graziani (2003 12) has denigrated the extreme case of an undefined, infinite velocity as being associated with a quasi-barter economy in which money did not exist . 

This manual is designed to show students how to use the PSpice circuit simulation program from Oread with the schematic capture front end, Capture. It is a collection of examples that show students how to create a circuit, how to run the different analyses, and how to obtain the results from those analyses. This manual does not attempt to teach students circuit theory or electronics that task is left for the main text. Instead, the manual takes the approach of showing students how to simulate many circuits found throughout the engineering curriculum. An example is the DC circuit shown below. 

E.N. Protonotarios and O. Wing, IEEE Trans. Circuit Theory, 14 (1967) 2. 

In order to assimilate the following mateial, the reader should be familiar with a few simple concepts in instrumentation elecronics. These topics are more than adequately discussed in numerous texts and so we do not belabor them here. For the convenience of those who need to review, we have prepared a list of subjects essential to understanding these introductory sections. This list is all-inclusive, so study of topics not on the list (e.g., ac circuit theory, inductance, transformers, power supplies, digital electronics, transducers, transistors, etc.) will be of no immediate value. 

In some particular cases, however, the analytical solution to this problem can be attained by the methods of the generalized circuit theory [49, 20]. Within this approach, the CGF for a mesoscopic connector between two reservoirs is expressed in terms of the distribution p(T) of the transparencies of the conduction channels,... 

It is interesting to note that Eq. (41) can be easily transformed into equation for the transparency distribution p(T), by making use of the relation of the generalized circuit theory between the counting current I( ) and the matrix current / following from Eqs. (6) and (3),... 

In the acoustic tube literature which involves only a cascade chain of acoustic waveguides, x+ is taken to be traveling to the right along the axis of the tube [Markel and Gray, 1976], In classical network theory [Belevitch, 1968] and in circuit theory, velocity (current) at the terminals of an V-port device is by convention taken to be positive when it flows into the device. 

Rhodes et al., 1973] Rhodes, J. D., Marston, P. C., and Youla, D. C. (1973). Explicit solution for the synthesis of two-variable transmission-line networks. IEEE Trans. Circuit Theory, CT-20(5) 504-567. 

Lidbetter, 1983] Lidbetter, P. S. (1983). Signal processing for the digital audio console. In Proc. 6th European Conf. on Circuit Theory and Design, pages 536-539. 

The peak shape distortions in CE can be explained, most simply, in terms of conventional circuit theory, where... 

O. Turel and K. Likharev, International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 31, 37 (2003). 

As it turns out though even the simplified VB-theoretic formulations giving rise to conjugated-circuit theory or even just Kekule-structure enumeration, may become challenging for sufficiently large (perhaps formally infinite) systems, or for non-Kekulean (i.e., radicaloid) systems. It might oft be convenient if explicit enumeration of Kekule structures could be avoided. Notably for such cases there are some few alternative sorts of means by which to obtain some partial information about the system, within a VB-theoretic context. 

Fig. 2. The resonance energy per site, relative to graphite, computed from conjugated circuit theory as a function of p, the number of bonds contained in two pentagonal rings.

To develop intuition, consider the electric current I (t) flowing in response to the applied voltage V(t). From elementary circuit theory, the capacitive impedance, sometimes "reactance," against this voltage is... 

Khasilev, V.Ya. Elements of the Hydraulic Circuit Theory Abstract of Doctoral thesis. Novosibirsk, 98 p. (1966). in Russian... 

The Lanczos algorithm and the Pade approximant have also been combined in other research fields, for example, in computational and applied mathematics [2], as well as in engineering via circuit theory [59]. The authors of Refs. [59, 60] from 1995, being apparently unaware of the earlier work [48] from 1972, rederived through a different procedure the Pad6-Lanczos approximant and called it the Pad6 via Lanczos (PVL) method. 

To determine the heat flows in a problem of this type, the values of the radi-osities must be calculated. This may be accomplished by performing standard methods of analysis used in dc circuit theory. The most convenient method is an application of Kirchhoffs current law to the circuit, which states that the sum of the currents entering a node is zero. Example 8-5 illustrates the use of the method for the three-body problem. 

Pole — (i) the locus of the charge in a static electric field, or (ii) the electrically isolated terminus of a conducting path. (This latter usage, though regarded as old-fashioned, still survives in technical electrochemistry, and in circuit theory.) The inadequacy of the word in connection with electrolysis was noted by - Faraday, and, after conferring with -> Whewell, he adopted the word -> electrode [i]. 

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