Chronic wasting disease transmission

Other animal prion diseases. Outbreaks of transmissible mink encephalopathy and chronic wasting disease in captive populations of mink, mule deer and elk in certain regions of the U.S.A. have also been attributed to prion-infected foodstuffs, although the origin of prion infection is unclear [8], Epidemiological studies suggest lateral transmission as the most plausible explanation for the spread of chronic wasting disease in captive populations... [Pg.792]

Sigurdson CJ, Williams ES, Miller MW et al (1999) Oral transmission and early lymphoid tropism of chronic wasting disease PrPres in mule deer fawns (Odocoileus hemionus). J Gen Virol 80 2757-2764... [Pg.73]

Mathiason CK, Hays SA, Powers J et al (2009) Infectious prions in pre-clinical deer and transmission of chronic wasting disease solely by environmental exposure. PLoS ONE 4 e5916... [Pg.73]

Browning SR, Mason GL, Seward T et al (2004) Transmission of prions from mule deer and elk with chronic wasting disease to transgenic mice expressing cervid PrP. J Virol 78 13345-13350... [Pg.73]

Balachandran A, Harrington NP, Algire J et al (2010) Experimental oral transmission of chronic wasting disease to red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus) early detection and late stage distribution of protease-resistant prion protein. Can Vet J 51 169-178... [Pg.75]

Kreeger TJ, Montgomery DL, Jewell JE et al (2006) Oral transmission of chronic wasting disease in captive Shira s moose. J Wildl Dis 42 640-645... [Pg.75]

Raymond GJ, Raymond LD, Meade-White KD et al (2007) Transmission and adaptation of chronic wasting disease to hamsters and transgenic mice evidence for strains. J Virol 81 4305 1314... [Pg.75]

Hamir AN, Kunkle RA, Cutlip RC et al (2006) Transmission of chronic wasting disease of mule deer to Suffolk sheep following intracerebral inoculation. J Vet Diagn Invest 18 558-565... [Pg.76]

Trifilo MJ, Ying G, Teng C et al (2007) Chronic wasting disease of deer and elk in transgenic mice oral transmission and pathobiology. Virology 365 136—143... [Pg.76]

Hamir AN, Cutlip RC, Miller JM et al (2001) Preliminary findings on the experimental transmission of chronic wasting disease agent of mule deer to cattle. J Vet Diagn Invest 13 91-96... [Pg.76]

Jennelle CS, Samuel MD, Nolden CA et al (2009) Surveillance for transmissible spongiform encephalopathy in scavengers of white-tailed deer carcasses in the chronic wasting disease area of Wisconsin. J Toxicol Environ Health A 72 1018-1024... [Pg.76]

Harrington RD, Baszler TV, O Rourke KI et al (2008) A species barrier limits transmission of chronic wasting disease to mink (Mustela vison). J Gen Virol 89 1086-1096... [Pg.76]

Belay ED, Maddox RA, Williams ES et al (2004) Chronic wasting disease and potential transmission to humans. Emerg Infect Dis 10 977-984... [Pg.76]

Kong Q, Huang S, Zou W et al (2005) Chronic wasting disease of elk transmissibility to humans examined by transgenic mouse models. J Neurosci 25 7944—7949... [Pg.78]

Sandberg MK, Al Doujaily H, Sigurdson CJ et al (2010) Chronic wasting disease prions are not transmissible to transgenic mice overexpressing human prion protein. J Gen Virol 91 2651-2657... [Pg.78]

Marsh RF, Kincaid AE, Bessen RA et al (2005) Interspecies transmission of chronic wasting disease prions to squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). J Virol 79 13794—13796... [Pg.78]

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are a group of rare, fatal, and transmissible neurodegenerative diseases, which, in addition to scrapie and BSE, include chronic wasting disease (CWD) in mule deer (Williams and Young, 1980) and elk (Williams and Young, 1982), and transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) (Marsh and Kimberlin,... [Pg.2]

Saunders, S. E., S. L. Bartelt-Hunt, and J. C. Bartz. Occurrence, Transmission, and Zoonotic Potential of Chronic Wasting Disease. Emerging InfictiousDiseases 18 (2012) 369-76. doi 10.3201/eidl803.110685. [Pg.193]

Lack of access to medicines and inappropriate doses result in serious morbidity and mortality, particularly for childhood infections and chronic diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, epilepsy and mental disorders. Inappropriate use and over-use of medicines waste resources - often out-of-pocket payments by patients - and result in significant patient harm in terms of poor patient outcomes and adverse drug reactions. Furthermore, over-use of antimicrobials is leading to increased antimicrobial resistance and non-sterile injections to the transmission of hepatitis, HIV/AIDS and other blood-borne diseases. Finally, irrational over-use of medicines can stimulate inappropriate patient demand, and lead to reduced access and attendance rates due to medicine stock-outs and loss of patient confidence in the health system. [Pg.85]

Salmonella typhi is a human pathogen. The mode of transmission is by contamination of water by fecal excretion, but it is also transmitted from person to person by hands and contact with infected patients. Food handlers who carry Salmonella typhi pose an increased risk of transmission of infection. Salmonella typhi are excreted in the stool of chronic carriers who may be asymptomatic as well as in the stool and urine in patients with active disease. Outbreaks of typhoid fever are associated with inadequate sanitary infrastructures in developing countries due to inadequate measures of hygiene. Contamination of water in the community is the main source of infection in endemic areas. In developed countries the main source of contamination is by food supplies infected by carriers. Flies and lack of adequate standards of proper disposal of waste may also account for the spread of infection. [Pg.132]

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