Chromophobe

Chart 4.1 Typical optically active chromophobe polymers. 

According to the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (UICC) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), RCC can be histopafhologically classified into the most prominent clear cell type, which is associated with the occurrence of highly specific deletion of chromosome 3p and mutation of the von Hippel Lindau VHL) gene as well as the chromophobe, papillary/chromophil or collecting duct types (Kovacs, 1999). 

Benzoid Chromophobe. The spectrum of the aromatic parent, benzene (Figure 2), displays considerable fine structure, a property which is not shared to the same extent with many of its derivatives. The three-bonded spectrum (248, 254, and 260 /x) of benzene will be considered as one chromophore. Benzene absorbs at 184 fi (Om 60,000), 203.5 fi (Om 7400), and 254 fi (Om 204) in hexane (4). These maxima are considered as the 7T 7T bands of the benzene chromophore. Increasing alkyl substitution causes a bathochromic shift of the 254-/i band, an eflFect which reaches its maximum at tetrasubstitution. New intense bands appear in the spectrum of benzoid compounds upon introduction of a substituent... 

Sym-TRiAZiNE Chromophobe. The spectrum of simazine and atrazine in water (Figure 8) shows a weak band at 263 /x which is to be compared with the 7T — 7T (255 /x) band of benzene. Another intense band at 220 /x is observed which is characteristic of all the substituted m-triazines (Table IX). 

M (CEL pancreatic islet cell adenoma, pituitary chromophobe adenoma, mononuclear cell leukemia)... 

Memeo L, Jhang J, Assaad AM, et al. Immunohistochemical analysis for cytokeratin 7, KIT, and PAX2 value in the differential diagnosis of chromophobe cell carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol. 2007 127 225-229. 

The cell types of the adenohypophysis were categorized originally on the basis of their reactivities with hematoxylin and eosin (H E) as acidophils, basophils, and chromophobes. With more sophisticated histochemical staining sequences, the three cell types were subdivided further. For example, acidophils were further differentiated into the orange G-positive prolactin-positive cells... 

Thedieck and colleagues revealed loss of Ksp-cadherin in CCRCC. Ksp-cadherin was subsequently proposed to differentiate chromophobe RCC from oncocytoma. However, additional studies failed to reveal any... 

FIGURE 16.35 PAX8 immunoexpression in primary clear cell RCC (A), papillary renal cell carcinoma (B), chromophobe RCC (C), and metastatic clear cell RCC (D). 

FIGURE 16.36 Carbonic anhydrase IX immunoexpression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (A). Negative staining is encountered in papillary and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (B and C, respectively). 

Immunohistochemically, oncocytomas are positive for pancytokeratin AE1/AE3 and low-molecular cyto-keratin CAM5.2 and are negative for vimentin. Q-kit (GDI 17) expression is encountered in more than two thirds of oncocytomas, a feature also shared by chromophobe Similarly, Ksp-cadherin is... 

Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma Immunohisto-chemical Profile... 

Liu L, Qian J, Singh H, et al. Immunohistochemical analysis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, renal oncocytoma, and clear cell carcinoma an optimal and practical panel for differential diagnosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2007 I31 I290. 

Mazal PR, Exner M, Haitel A, et al. Expression of kidney-specific cadherin distinguishes chromophobe renal cell carcinoma from renal oncocytoma. Hum Pathol. 2005 36 22. 

Jadallah S, Albadine R, Sharma RB, Netto GJ. PAX-8 Expression in Clear Cell, Papillary and Chromophobe RCC and Urothelial Carcinoma of Renal Pelvis. Mod Pathol. 2009 22 174A. 

Huo L, Sugimura J, Tretiakova MS, et al. C-kit expression in renal oncocytomas and chromophobe renal cell carcinomas. Hum Pathol. 2005 36 262. 

Pan CC, Chen PC, Chiang H. Overexpression of KIT (CD117) in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and renal oncocytoma. Am J Clin Pathol. 2004 121 878. 

Meyer PN, Cao Y, Jacobson K, et al. Chromosome 1 analysis in chromophobe renal cell carcinomas with tissue microarray (TMA)-facilitated fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrates loss of lp/1 which is also present in renal oncocytomas. Diagn Mol Pathol. 2008 17 141. 

Adley BP, Papavero V, Sugimura J, et al. Diagnostic value of cytokeratin 7 and parvalbumin in differentiating chromophobe renal cell carcinoma from renal oncocytoma. Anal Quant Cytol Histol. 2006 28 228. 

Abrahams NA, MacLennan GT, Khoury JD, et al. Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma a comparative study of histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features using high throughput tissue microarray. Histopathology. 2004 45 593. 

Amin MB, Paner GP, Alvarado-Cabrero I, et al. Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma histomorphologic characteristics and evaluation of conventional pathologic prognostic parameters in 145 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2008 32 1822. 

Tickoo SK, Amin MB, Zarbo RJ. Colloidal iron staining in tenal epithelial neoplasms, including chromophobe renal cell carcinoma emphasis on technique and patterns of staining. Am J Surg Pathol. 1998 22 419. 

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