Chromatographic system, automated

High-performance liquid chromatographic system equipped with an automated column switching system... 

Takahashi, N., Takahashi, Y., Ishioka, N., Blumberg, B., and Putnam, F. W., Application of an automated tandem high-performance liquid chromatographic system to peptide mapping of genetic variants of human serum albumin, J. Chromatogr., 359, 181, 1986. 

Isobe, T., Uchida, K., Taoka, M., Shinkai, F., Manabe, T., Okuyama, T. (1991). Automated two-dimensional liquid chromatographic system for mapping proteins in highly complex mixtures. J. Chromatogr. 588, 115-123. 

As with most aspects of downstream processing, the operation of chromatographic systems is highly automated and is usually computer controlled. Whereas medium-sized process-scale chromatographic columns (e.g. 5-151 capacity) are manufactured from toughened glass or plastic, larger... 

Fig. 13. A Chromatographic System. From J. Berridge TK hmques for the automated optimization of HPLC separations , 1984, J. Wiley Sons, England, page 20. Reproduced by permission of Wiley Sons, England...

An automated liquid chromatographic system used in this study... 

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME). used as a sample introduction technique for high speed gc, utilizes small-diameter fused-silica fibers coated with polymeric stationary phase for sample extraction and concentration. SPME lias been utilized for determination of pollutants in aqueous solution by the adsorption of analyte onto stationary-phase coated fuscd-silica fibers, followed by thermal desorption in the injection system of a capillary gas chromatograph. Full automation can be achieved using an autosampler. 

One of the major advantages of HPLC in food additives analysis is the comparably simple possibility of automation. When there are many samples to analyze and quantify in routine analysis, an autoinjector usually is the additional component of choice. An autosampler may help to reduce costs, and the instrument may be left to run analyses overnight. Some autoinjectors can also be used to derivatize samples by adding the relevant reagent before injection into the chromatographic system (5). 

J Slobodnik, AJH Louter, JJ Vreuls, I Liska, UAT Brinkman. Monitoring of organic micropollutants in surface water by automated online trace-enrichment-liquid-and-gas-chromatographic systems with ultra-violet diode-array and mass-spectrometry detection. J Chromatogr A 768 239-258, 1997. 

K. Matsuoka, M. Taoka, T. Isobe, T. Okuyama and Y. Kato, Automated high-resolution two-dimensional hquid chromatographic system for the rapid and sensitive separation of complex peptide mixtures ,/. Chromatogr. 515 313-320 (1990). 

When considering automating the sample preparation steps and interfacing with chromatographic systems, laboratory robotics has been the method of choice. A laboratory robotics system has a robotic arm and controller, a computer linked to a controller or connected directly to the robotic arm, and application peripherals for performing specific functions in the application process. 

Mallet et al. [174] used an automated gas chromatographic system which consisted of a gas chromatograph mounted with an automatic sample interfaced to an integrator. A Melpar flame photometric detector (phosphorus mode) was connected with the flame gas inlets in the reverse configuration to prevent solvent flame-out. The detector was... 

A fully automated two-dimensional (2D) chromatographic system was developed by Kilz et al. [91-93]. It consists of two chromatographs, one which separates by chemical composition or functionality and an SEC instrument for subsequent separation by size. Via a storage loop system, fractions from the first... 

Melcher RG and Morabito PL. Membrane/gas chromatographic system for automated extraction and determination of trace organics in aqueous samples. Anal. Chem. 1990 62 2183-2188. 

Okumura T. Column-switching high-performance liquid chromatographic system with a laser-induced fluorimetric detector for direct, automated assay of salivary cortisol. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl 1995 670 11-20. 

Chapter 4 deals with the selection of a chromatographic system, i.e. the optimal combination of stationary phase, eluent or mobile phase for a given separation task. These key issues focus not only on solely scientific questions, but also take into account economy, speed, time pressure, hardware requirements, automation and legal aspects towards documentation, safety and others. Obviously, such rules of thumb may not cover all possible scenarios, but they may be useful in avoiding pitfalls. 

Please note that different procedures may be used to determine the evaluation parameters. Therefore it has to be ensured that the same methods have been applied if different chromatographic systems are compared. If the values are calculated by automated HPLC-systems the algorithms implemented in the software should be known. 

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