Chromatographic effect consolidation

Molecular spectroscopic techniques have been widely used in pharmaceutical analysis for both qualitative (identification of chemical species) and quantitative purposes (determination of concentration of species in pharmaceutical preparations). In many cases, they constitute effective alternatives to chromatographic techniques as they provide results of comparable quality in a more simple and expeditious manner. The differential sensitivity and selectivity of spectroscopic techniques have so far dictated their specihc uses. While UV-vis spectroscopy has typically been used for quantitative analysis by virtue of its high sensitivity, infrared (IR) spectrometry has been employed mainly for the identihcation of chemical compounds on account of its high selectivity. The development and consolidation of spectroscopic techniques have been strongly influenced by additional factors such as the ease of sample preparation and the reproducibility of measurements, which have often dictated their use in quality control analyses of both raw materials and finished products. 

The reporting gas chromatograph consolidates all the functions of the gas chromatograph, strip chart recorder, computer automation, and computing and reporting integrator into one unit providing a powerful and cost effective solution in both routine and research applications. 

Figure 1.6 Effects of a progressive consolidation of a column bed. (a) Photograph of a process-chromatography flanged-end column (no compression) after removal of the flange, (b) Chromatogram of a test sample in this column voids and after its repacking. (c) Chromatogram of a test sam- pie in a chromatographic columns with g and without compression. The exact f amoimts injected are different for all chromatograms.

Lapidus L, Amundson NR (1952) Mathematics of adsorption in beds VI. The effect of longitudal diffusion in ion exchange and chromatographic columns. J Phys Chem 56 984-988 Leigh DC (1968) Nonlinear continuum mechanics. McGraw-HiU, New York Lewis RW, Schrefler BA (2000) The finite element method in the static and dynamic deformation and consolidation of porous media Wiley, Chichester... 

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