Chromatin structure and transcription

Narlikar GJ et al Cooperation between complexes that regulate chromatin structure and transcription. Cell 2002 108 475. 

Grunstein M Histone acetylation in chromatin structure and transcription. Nature 1997 389 349. 

Regulating mono-ubiquitination of proteins by DUBs is important in histone modification where ubiquitination is thought to modulate chromatin structure and transcriptional activity. Normally, about 10% of the histone core octomers contain ubiquitinated histones and the ubiquitin is removed at mitosis by DUB activity. UBP8 has been demonstrated to regulate the ubiquitination of histone H2B, which is important in transcriptional activation of many genes [88]. 

Dover GJ, Brusilow S, Charache S (1994) Induction of fetal hemoglobin production in subjects with sickle cell anemia by oral sodium phenylbutyrate. Blood 84 339-343 El Kharroubi A, Martin MA (1996) cis-acting sequences located downstream of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promoter affect its chromatin structure and transcriptional activity. Mol Cell Biol 16 2958-2966... 

In summary what have we learned in 25 years In some areas, surprisingly little— for example, we cannot say that we really understand the condensed chromatin fiber structure much better than we did in 1978. Although the significance of the great majority of histone variants remains unknown, replacement histones appear now to be involved in major chromosomal functions. There are areas in which we have accrued incredible amounts of detailed information yet still do not quite know what to do with it. Histone acetylation is a prime example. Allfrey et al. [56] could predict its role in a general sense in 1964. We now know a whole rogue s gallery of acetylases and deacetylases plus the specific histone sites for many. Nevertheless, authorities in the field must still write in 2000, The mechanisms by which histone acetylation affects chromatin structure and transcription is not yet clear [58]. 

Narlikar, G.J., Fan, H.Y., and Kingston, R.E. (2002) Cooperation between complexes that regulate chromatin structure and transcription. Cell 108, 475-487. 

See also RNA Polymerase I Transcription, RNA Polymerase III Transcription, RNA Polymerase II Transcription, Chromatin Structure and Transcription, Eukaryotic Transcription. Termination of Eukaryotic Transcription, Chromatin Remodeling, Transcription Factor Binding Domains... 

See also Eukaryotic Transcription. Chromatin Structure and Transcription, Nucleosomes... 

Several different DNA glycosylases are known to act on T G mismatches in DNA. The primary source of these mismatches is deamination of 5-methylcytosine (Duncan and Miller, 1980 Sved and Bird, 1990). 5-Methylcytosine is found in eukaryotes as an epigenetic modifier of chromatin structure and transcription, and in prokaryotes as the basis for self-protection from endogenous restriction enzymes. The human... 

Kornberg, R.D. Lorch, Y. (1992). Chromatin structure and transcription. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol., 8, 563-87. 

Koizumi S, Yamada H, Suzuki K, Otsuka F (1992b) Zinc-specific activation of a HeLa cell nuclear protein which interacts with a metal responsive element of the human metallothionein-IIA gene. Eur J Biochem 210 555-560 Kornberg RD, Lorch Y (1992) Chromatin structure and transcription. Annu Rev Cell Biol 8 563-587... 

Grunstein M (1997) Histone acetylation in chromatin structure and transcription. Nature 389 349-352 Montminy M (1997) Something new to hang your HAT on. Nature 387 654-655... 

---