Chondroitin-sulfuric acid

Chondroitin Chondroitin sulfate, chondroitin sulfuric acid, chonsurid Arthritis None significant if used as directed Because chondroitin is concentrated in cartilage, theoretically it produces no toxic or teratogenic effects. 

Structural Studies on Chondroitin Sulfuric Acid. I. The Nature of... 

Schiller, S., The illation of chondroitin sulfuric acid from normal human plasma. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 28, 413-416 (1958). 

This was discovered in regard to various Streptococcus and Neisseria species by Smith (S25) with the use of a hog mucin preparation. Smith etal. (S25-S27) and Record and Grinstead (R2, R2a) then demonstrated that this activity was not due to a single factor, but to a syner c combination of three factors a viscous medium, a nonspecific particulate matter, and an important third factor. The latter consists of (1) heparin, (2) chondroitin sulfuric acid, and (3) neutral blood group mucoid. 

Chondroitin sulfate, chondroitin sulfuric acid, chonsurid Vaccinium macrocarpon... 

Known originally collectively as chondroitin sulfuric acid. 

The mucopolysaccharide from nuclei pulposi, called chondroitin sulfuric acid B (Orr, 1954), and the shark cartilage chondroitin sulfate (Nakanishi et al., 1956), may also be regarded as the C sulfate. 

Synonyms Chondroitin polysulfate Chondroitin sulfuric acid Chondroitin sulfuric acids Chonsurid... 

Chondroitin sulfuric acid Chondroitin sulfuric acids. See Chondroitin sulfate Chondron. See Sodium chondroitin sulfate Chondrus. See Carrageenan (Chondrus crispus)... 

Chondroitin sulfate (formerly chondroitin sulfuric acid ) was first isolated from the rib cartilage of human corpses. In the middle of the last century, the analysis proved to be difficult since the substance contained nitrogen, and amino sugars were then unknown. So the professor and his assistant made the usual division of labor. The professor gave the substance its name (originally chondroitic acid ). The assistant ate the product under rigid dietary conditions, and sugar was found in his urine, which established the chemical nature of the compound. For this, the assistant s name came first in the published report. 

In contrast to the neutral polysaccharides, the carbohydrate skeleton of heparin and mucopolysaccharides is based on an amino sugar uronic acid repeating unit. An important biological difference is that the neutral polysaccharides (glycogen, starch) are metabolic stores, the typical mucopolysaccharides (chondroitin sulfuric acids, keratin sulfate) are important structural materials of connective tissue, and the naturally occurring heparins and heparinoids are trace substances and appear to be associated with special cells. 

Davidsmi EA, Meyer K (1954) Structural studies on chondroitin sulfuric acid the nature of chondrosin. J Am Chem Soc 76 5686-5689... 

Chondroitin sulfuric acid D-glcUA-p, D-galiVAc-p, sulfate groups 8(1,4) (1,3) 250,000 Animals... 

Galactosamine (chondrosamine) is obtained by the hydrolysis of the chondroitin sulfuric acid of cartilage and nasal septa by hydrochloric acid or zinc chloride (282,283). A small amount of glucosamine usually is present in the hydrolyzate. Cation-exchange resins provide a simple method for the purification of the hexosamines and for the separation of glucosamine from galactosamine (282, 28Ji). 

Highly purified chondroitin sulfuric acid from bovine cartilage has an osmotic molecular weight (52) of 43,300 in contrast to the less likely value of 260,000 estimated from viscosity data (53a),... 

Preparation from Umbilical Cord. Human cords are usually collected under acetone. Dried cords contain between 6 and 8% of hyaluronic acid (58). A number of preparations, especially the older ones, have been obtained by solvent purification (10). K. H. Meyer et al. (135) isolated hyaluronic acid by several alcohol fractionations, Sevag treatments, dialysis, and electrodialysis. Electrophoretic analysis showed that the final product contained 70% hyaluronic acid, 19% chondroitin sulfuric acid, and 11% of a third component. A similar study of a carefully prepared hyaluronate has been presented by Kay and Stacey (94). 

The method of Byers and co-workers (17) is especially suited for the isolation of hyaluronate from human cords on a large scale because of its simplicity and good yields. Partially acetone dried cords are digested with trypsin, the digest is dialyzed and filtered, and potassium hyaluronate is precipitated by McClean s method. It must be pointed out, however, that the material obtained by this method contains approximately 30% of chondroitin sulfuric acid. Hyaluronate has also been extracted with Hayem s solution and precipitated from the extract with acetone (57). This method leads to a product of very high salt content and cannot be recommended. 

Separation of Hyaluronic Acid from Chondroitin Sulfuric Acid. The... 

---