Cholinesterase toxicology

Storm, J.E., Rozman, K.K., Doud, J. (2000). Occupational exposure limits for 30 organophosphate pesticides based on inhibition of red blood cell cholinesterase. Toxicology 150 1-29. 

Aurhek, N., Thiermann, H., Szinicz, L., Eyer, P., Worek, F. (2006). Analysis of inhihition, reactivation and aging kinetics of highly toxic OP compounds with human and pig cholinesterase. Toxicology 224 91-9. 

Brimijoin S, Koenigsberger C. 1999. Cholinesterases in neural development New findings and toxicologic implications. Environ Health Perspect 107 (Supp. l) 59-64. 

Pope CN, Chakraborti TK. 1992. Dose-related inhibition of brain and plasma cholinesterase in neonatal and adult rats following sublethal organophosphate exposures. Toxicology 73 35-43. 

Pope CN, Chakraborti TK, Chapman ML, et al. 1991. Comparison of in vivo cholinesterase inhibition in neonatal and adult rats by three organophosphorothioate insecticides. Toxicology 68 51-61. 

ATSDR. 1993c. Case studies in environmental medicine - cholinesterase inhibiting pesticide toxicity. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Atlanta, GA. 

Hill, E.F. 1992. Avian toxicology of cholinesterases. Pages 272-294 in B. Ballantyne and T.C. Marrs (eds.). Clinical and Experimental Toxicology of Organophosphates and Carbamates. Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston. 

Christenson WR, Wahle BS. 1993. Technical grade disulfoton (DI-SYSTON) a special 6-month feeding study to determine a cholinesterase no-observed-effect level in the rat. Study No. 91-972-IR. Report No. 106336. Miles Inc. Agriculture Division, Toxicology, Stilwell, Kansas. 

Shiotsuka RN. 1988. Pilot assay to assess cholinesterase activity in rats exposed by inhalation to technical grade disulfoton. Study No. 88-941-AG. Report No. 98358. Mobay Corporation, Corporate Toxicology Department, Stilwell, Kansas. 

Anger, W. K. (1981). Effects of carbaiyl on variable interval response rates in rats. Neurobehavioral Toxicology 2 21-24. Bear, D. M. (1986). Aggression in cat and human precipitated by a cholinesterase inhibitor. Psychosomatics 27 535-536. Branch, R. A. (1986). Is carbaryl as safe as its reputation Does it have a potential for causing chronic neurotoxicity in humans American Journal cf Medicine 80 659-664. 

In the 1960s and 1970s, the organophosphate and carbamate compounds replaced the chlorinated hydrocarbons as the most prominently used insecticides. These two families of insecticides share a common toxicological mechanism, the inhibition of cholinesterase enzymes in the nervous systems of... 

PSD. 1999. Methodology for the toxicological assessment of exposures from combinations of cholinesterase inhibiting compounds. Draft document. Medical and Toxicological Panel, Advisory Committee on Pesticides, Pesticides Safety Directorate, UK Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, April 19,1999. 

Toxicology. Azinphos-methyl is an indirect inhibitor of cholinesterase. 

Toxicology. Ronnel is a weak cholinesterase inhibitor and has low toxicity. 

The toxicology and pharmacology of esters of the type 126 have been studied in some detail, both because of their commercial importance and their close structural relationship to some nerve gases. They are poisonous compounds which act, like the related alkyl dithionophosphate esters, by cholinesterase inhibition, and their misuse has been associated with certain mental disorders. As a consequence of this pronounced biological activity, much attention has been directed to both the detection and isolation of the compounds as such, ... 

On the basis of an examination of toxicologic literature, case reports from Edgewood volunteers, and a review of mortality data conducted by the National Research Council Medical Follow-up Agency, the Committee found no evidence of chronic disease in animals or humans associated with single or repeated doses of the cholinesterase reactivators (oximes). 

The medical records of the volunteers who received cholinesterase-reactivating chemicals consisted of the test protocol, physicians orders, nursing notes (Including clinical observations), a checklist of symptoms, and laboratory and performance test results. The reports of physicians examinations and physical findings were generally not Included. Volunteers were identified by number. The Committee on Toxicology s assessment was based on records and summaries provided by the Department of the Army and NRC staff. The procedures were described fully in Volume 1. In most cases, the analysis was based on summaries of drug administrations prepared by a consultant to the Panel. 

The present report evaluates toxicologic and epidemiologic data relevant to the testing of approximately 750 subjects exposed to cholinesterase reactivators, about 260 exposed to psychochemicals, and 1,500 exposed to irritants or vesicants. A remaining group of subjects used largely In tests involving placebo or Innocuous chemicals or conditions is available for comparison and will be discussed In Volume 3. 

This report is the work of three panels of scientists—the Panel on Cholinesterase Reactivator Chemicals, the Panel on Psychochemicals, and the Panel on Irritants and Vesicants. The chairman of each panel was selected from the Committee on Toxicology, and the members were selected on the basis of their knowledge of the compounds in question or because they represented required disciplines. 

Tomokuni K, Hasegawa T, Hirai Y, et al. 1985. The tissue distribution of diazinon and the inhibition of blood cholinesterase activities in rats and mice receiving a single intraperitoneal dose of diazinon. Toxicology 37(l-2) 91-98. 

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