Cholesterol estrogen effects

Qu Q, Zheng H, Dahllund J, Laine A, Cockcroft N, Peng Z, et al. (2000) Selective estrogen effects of a novel triphenylethylene compound, FC1271a, on bone, cholesterol level, and reproductive tissues in intact ovariectomized rats. Endocrinology 141 809-820... 

Lundeen SG, Carver JM, McKean ML, Winneker RC (1997) Characterization of the ovariectomized rat model for the evaluation of estrogen effects on plasma cholesterol levels. Endocrinology 138 1552-1558... 

Contain potential benefits for men in protection against age-related bone loss and increases in cholesterol levels, without displaying estrogenic proliferative effects in the prostate... 

Observational studies have suggested possible favourable effects of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) on the risk of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Since elevated plasma cholesterol has been identified as the primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease, investigations have focused on the inverse association between plasma cholesterol concentration and soy protein consumption. The cholesterol-lowering properties of soy have been demonstrated, and a good correlation has been found in... 

Frolik CA, Bryant HU, Black EC, Magee DE, Chandrasekhar S (1996) Time dependent changes in biochemical bone markers and serum cholesterol in ovariectomized rats effects of raloxifene HC1, tamoxifen, estrogen and alendronate. Bone 18 621-627... 

Ke HZ, Chen HK, Simmons HA, Crawford DT, Pirie CM, Chidsey-Frink KL et al. (1997) Comparative effects of droloxifene, tamoxifen, and estrogen on bone, serum cholesterol, and uterine histology in the ovariectomized rat model. Bone 20 31-39... 

Ke HZ, Paralkar VM, Grasser WA, Crawford DT, Qi H, Simmons H, et al. (1998) Effects of CP-336,156, a new, nonsteroidal estrogen agonist/antagonist, on bone, serum cholesterol, uterus, and body composition in rat models. Endocrinology 139 2068-2076... 

Sutherland KM, Brady H, Gayo-Fung LM, Leisten J, Lipps SG, McKie JA, et al. (2003) Effects of SP500263, a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator, on bone, uterus, and serum cholesterol in the ovariectomized rat. Calcif Tissue Int 72 710-716... 

Estrogens are thought to exert their cardiovascular effects by acting on blood lipoproteins or by direct effects on blood vessels. In studies performed in rats, fulvestrant had no effect on plasma cholesterol levels. When administered along with estradiol, however, it blocked the cholesterol-lowering activity of estradiol (Lundeen et al. 1997). 

A protective lipid profile, with reduction of total cholesterol and LDL and a modest increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL), has been associated with oral estrogen therapy (Writing Group for the PEPI Trial 1995). This effect, however, has been considered negligible when compared with the benefits traditionally ascribed to estrogens (Marsh et al. 1999). 

Bazedoxifene s primary indication is the treatment and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis (Miller et al. 2002). In animal models bazedoxifene displays estrogenhke agonistic activity on bone loss and significantly reduces total cholesterol levels with doses as low as 0.1 mg/kg (Miller et al. 2002). Also in these models, there is no evidence of an estrogenic stimulatory effect on the endometrial epithelial cell (Miller et al. 2001). 

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