Chloroplast Euglena gracilis

Bromacil and isocil have been found to be potent and specific inhibitors of photosynthesis at the chloroplast level [361]. The uptake of carbon dioxide is blocked in Chlorella pyrenoidosa and growth inhibition parallels the inhibition of carbon dioxide uptake. In Euglena gracilis and in spinach chloroplasts, the blockage of oxygen production was noted [361]. 

C552 (C6> f) Euglena gracilis chloroplasts (2 hemes) Photosynthesis... 

Amir-Shapira, D., Leustek, T., Dalie, B., Weissbach, H., and Brot, N. (1990). Hsp70 proteins, similar to Escherichia coli DnaK, in chloroplasts and mitochondria ol Euglena gracilis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Set. U.S.A. 87, 749-752. 

Abbreviations Asa, Artemia salina Dme, Drosophila melanogaster Hsa, Homo sapiens Egr, Euglena gracilis, Ddi, Dictyostelium discoideum Sso, S. solfataricus Tee, Thermococcus celer Pwo, Pyrococcus woesei Mva, M. vannielii Hma, Halobacterium marismortui Tac, Thermoplasma acidophilum Tma, Thermotoga marilima Tth, Thermus thermophilus Eco, E. coli Mlu, Micrococcus luteus, Spl, Spirulina platensis Ech, E. gracilis chloroplast Smt, Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria. 

Schmitt J.M., Bohnert H.-J., Gordon K.H.J., Herrmann R., Bernardi G., Crouse E.J. (1981). Compositional heterogeneity of the chloroplast DNAs from Euglena gracilis and Spinacea oleracea. Eur. J. Biochem. 114 375-382. 

Hallick RB, Hong L, Drager RG et al. Complete sequence of Euglena gracilis chloroplast DNA. Nucl Acids Res 1993 21 3537-3544. 

Keller M, Stutz E. Structure of the Euglena gracilis chloroplast gene (psbA) coding for the 32-kDa protein of Photosysntem II. FEES Lett 1984 175 173-177. 

Type II Plants Euglena gracilis (chloroplasts) (a) Dissociable enzymes (6) in a complex with ACP... 

Euglena gracilis is an interesting organism because when it grows heterotrophically (when it is animal like ) it contains a Type I synthetase. When it is grown photoautotrophically it contains, in addition to its cytoplasmic Type I enzyme, a Type II synthetase in its chloroplasts (Ernst-Fonberg and Bloch, 1971). 

THE ORGANIZATION AND EXPRESSION OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC AND NONPHOTOSYNTHETIC OPERONS OF EUGLENA GRACILIS CHLOROPLAST DNA... 

Effects of mitomycin A (1-10 pg/mL), mitomycin B (1-50 pg/mL), mitomycin C (10-30 pg/mL), iV-methyl-mitomycin (1—40 pg/mL), and porfiromycin (1-60 pg/mL) on the Euglena gracilis chloroplast system were reported. However, only iV-methyl-mitomycin (20 0 pg/mL), porfiromycin (40-60 pg/mL), and mitomycin B (40-50 pg/mL) were effective bleaching agents. 

Isotopic exchange in the solid state, in which protons are selectively replaced by deuterium atoms, has been used to study oriented photosynthetic membranes from chloroplasts of Euglena gracilis and spinach. Similar studies have been carried out on cellulose and the regenerated form, Fortisan. In the latter study intensity analysis yields a lateral fibril dimension of 34 A. 

Fig. 3 - Schematic drawing of ) Euglena gracilis b) Haematococcus pluvialis N, nucleus St, stigma F, flagellum Chi, chloroplast He, haematochrome Ph, photoreceptor ...

Egan, J.M., Jr., Dorsky, D., and Schiff, J.A., Events surrounding the early development of Euglena gracilis var bacillaris chloroplasts. Part 6, Action spectra for the formation of chlorophyll lag elimination in chlorophyll synthesis and appearance of TPN dependent triose phosphate dehydrogenase and alkaline DNase activities. Plant Physiol, 56, 318, 1975. 

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