Spinacea oleracea

Nisha, R, Singhal, R.S., and Pandit, A.B., A study on the degradation kinetics of visual green colour in spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) and the effect on salt therein, J. Food Eng., 64, 135, 2004. 

Simonetti P, Porrini M and Testolin G. 1991. Effect of environmental factors and storage on vitamin content of Pisum sativum and Spinacea oleracea. Ital J Food Sci 3 187-196. 

Various plants sprayed with 0.25 kg fenvalerate/ha all had measurable residues 7 days after application, and nondetectable residues 15 to 30 days after treatment (Jain etal. 1979). Washing plants in cold water to remove the pesticide was effective only on the initial day of application, removing 30 to 50%. Afterward, only 3 to 13% could be removed by washing. Cooking removed 71 to 88% of the fenvalerate residues on the initial day of treatment but in later samplings, removal was 68 to 70% in spinach (Spinacea oleracea) and tomatoes, and 38 to 40% in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and cauliflower (Brassica oleracea botrytis) (Jain et al. 1979). 

Spinach, Spinacea oleracea, initial residue of 9.5 mg/kg FW Initial residue degraded to 2.8 mg/kg in 15 days, and ND in 30 days 4... 

In contrast to the previous results, Weigel (1985 a, b) reported that in mesophyll protoplasts of Valerianella locusta and in intact chloroplasts of Spinacea oleraceae cadmium affects photosynthesis by inhibition of several reaction steps of the Calvin cycle and not by interaction with the electron transport or photophosphorylation (cf. section on photosynthetic C02 fixation). 

Douglas, P., Morrice, N., and MacKintosh, C., 1995, Identification of a regulatory phosphorylation site in the hinge 1 region of nitrate reductase from spinach (Spinacea oleracea) leaves, FEES Lett. 177 11311117. 

R Hill (1939) Oxygen produced by isolated chloroplasts. Proc Roy Soc B127 192-210 W Menke (1962) Structure and chemistry of plastids. Annu Rev Plant Physiology 13 27-44 RB Park and NG Pon (1961) Correlation of structure with function in Spinacea oleracea chloroplasts. J Mol Biol 3 1-10... 

Table 2. Effect of PBR on Spinach (Spinacea oleracea cv. New Zealand)...

Strawberry [Fragaria ananassa) Spinach Spinacea oleracea)... 

Shimakata, T P.K. Stumpf Purification and characterization of P- ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthetase 1 from Spinacea oleracea Zeaves. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1983,220, 39-45. 

Schmitt J.M., Bohnert H.-J., Gordon K.H.J., Herrmann R., Bernardi G., Crouse E.J. (1981). Compositional heterogeneity of the chloroplast DNAs from Euglena gracilis and Spinacea oleracea. Eur. J. Biochem. 114 375-382. 

In nonlegumes, Mo deficiency hampers NOj" reduction and decreases the amounts of most amino acids. Addition of Mo to deficient plants has been found to increase the contents of glutamic acid, glutamine, a-alanine, serine, and aspartic acid in spinach Spinacea oleracea L.), cauliflower, tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) (Mulder et al., 1959), and maize (Berducou and Mache, 1963). However, decreases in the contents of some amino acids and amides during later stages of growth of Mo-fertilized crops can result from their incorporation into proteins or from subsequent metabolic reactions such as transamination reactions or conversion to amides (Possingham, 1957). 

Barua B, Jana S. Effects of heavy metals on dark-induced changes in Hill reaction activity, chorophyll and protein contents, dry matter and tissue permeability in detached Spinacea oleracea L. leaves. Photosynthetica 1986 20(l) 74-76. 

Figure 9. Calibration curve (A) of PSII particles from Spinacea oleracea exposed to gamma r ( Cs dose rate 1.2mGy/h)and(B) fast neutrons (dose rate 1.26 mGy/h)-JRC,Ispra, (IT). The temperature and pH were highly controlled. Ai/Ac ratio of area irradiated /control...

Constit. of Spinacea oleracea and Cucumis sativus, alfalfa and senega root. Cryst. (EtOH/C6H6). Mp 171-173 . [a]2 -2.5 (CHCI3). fi-D-Glucopyranosyl [1745-36-4]. Constit. of Maesa chisia and Pithecellobium duke. Cryst. Mp 292-294 . [a]o -29 (c, 1 in Py). 

Measurements of oxygen evolution from normally functioning photosystem II (PSII) complexes have determined that PSII complexes turn over every few ms under steady-state illlumination conditions. Evidence has arisen, however, that an inactive fraction of photosystem II exists which does not donate electrons into the intersystem plastoquinone pool (1,2,3,4). Both in intact leaves (5) and thylakoid membranes (6) of spinach (spinacea oleracea), it has recently been demonstrated that approximately one-third of photosystem II (PSII) reaction centers turn over at rates KKX) fold slower than active PSII complexes. Inactive PSII centers display a half time recovery of approximately 2 s at room temperature and require 100s to recovery fully. The slow turnover rate appears to be the consequence of an impaired oxidation of the primary quinone acceptor, (5,6). 

PS2 particles were prepared by the method of Ford and Evans [8] from either spinach (Spinacea oleracea) or pea (Pisum sativum var Feltham First). The particles were resuspended and stored at 77 K in 20 mM Mes-NaOH, 5 mM MgCla, 15 mM NaCl and 20% (v/v) glycerol (buffer A) pH 6.3. 

Tanaka et al. (1966) detected choline kinase activity in leaves of barley (A. saliva L.), wheat (Triticum vulgare), tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum L.), spinach Spinacea oleracea L.), and squash Cucurbita pepo L.). The characteristics of the enzyme were very similar to those described for rapeseed. A nonspecific phosphatase which hydrolyzed phosphorylcholine was also described. These authors pointed out that these two enzyme activities were far from sufficient to account for the rapid equilibration of POi with the large reserves of phosphorylcholine found in plants. There is still no satisfactory answer to this problem. 

---