Chlorine physical constants

Ring-Substituted Derivatives The ring-chlorinated derivatives of benzyl chloride, benzal chloride, and benzotrichloride are produced by the direct side-chain chlorination of the corresponding chlorinated toluenes or by one of several indirect routes if the required chlorotoluene is not readily available. Physical constants of the main ring-chlorinated derivatives of benzyl chloride, benzal chloride, and benzotrichloride are given in Table 4. 

Table 4. Physical Constants of the Main Ring-Chlorinated Derivatives of Benzyl Chloride, Benzal Chloride, and Benzotrichloride...

Benzoylacetanilide couplers, 79 253 Benzoyl chloride, 3 595, 634 end use of chlorine, 6 134t physical constants of ring-chlorinated derivatives, 6 333t Benzoylcyclohexane-diones, 73 294 Benzoyloxy radicals, 74 281 Benzoyl peroxide (BPO), 3 634 20 105 hazards associated with, 78 491 uses for, 78 496... 

The compound C1CF2CH2SC1 is formed when chlorine reacts with (C1CF2CH2S)2 169). Physical constants of CICF2CH2SCI are known as are several of its chemical reactions and the nature of the compounds formed by the reactions 169). For example, CICF2CH2SCI reacts with (C2H6)2NH in (C2H )20 to form C1CF2CH2SN(C2H6)2. 

Some physical constants of the chlorine atom (Cl) (Bailar et al., 1975) ... 

Progressive chlorination of a hydrocarbon molecule yields a succession of Hquids and/or soHds of increasing nonflammability, density, and viscosity, as well as improved solubiUty for a large number of inorganic and organic materials. Other physical properties such as specific heat, dielectric constant, and water solubihty decrease with increasing chlorine content. 

Salts are obtained by direct neutralization of the acid with appropriate oxides, hydroxides, or carbonates. Sulfamic acid is a diy, non-volatile, non-hygroscopic, colourless, white, crystalline solid of considerable stability. It melts at 205°, begins to decompose at 210°, and at 260° rapidly gives a mixture of SO2, SO3, N2, H2O, etc. It is a strong acid (dissociation constant 1.01 x 10 at 25° solubility 25gper 100g H2O) and, because of its physical form and stability, is a convenient standard for acidimetry. Over 50000 tonnes are manufactured annually and its principal applications are in formulations for metal cleaners, scale removers, detergents and stabilizers for chlorine in aqueous solution. 

Chlorine trifluoride oxide, 18 331-340 chemical properties of, 18 337-340 internal force constants, 18 335 molecular structure of, 18 334-336 physical properties of, 18 336, 337 reactions of, 18 338, 339 stretching force constants, 18 336 synthesis of, 18 331-334 thermodynamic data for, 18 386, 387 vibrational spectra of, 18 334 Chlorine trioxide hydroxide, structure of, 5 219... 

The mobility and bioavailability of CPs, and thus their bioremediation, are affected by their chemical and physical properties. The solubility of CPs in water decreases as the number of chlorine substituents increases. In addition, the increase in the number of chlorosubstituents in the phenol ring increases the lipophilicity of CPs and thus their tendency to bioaccumulate. The water solubilities, pKa (acidity constant) and pK0W (octanol-water partition constant) values for environmentally important CPs are summarized in Figure 8.1. 

Physical Properties.—Sulphuryl chloride is a colourless, fuming liquid, with an extremely pungent odour. Z)2 = 1-6074 ->t " = l-4437. It boils at 69-1° C. at 760 mm. pressure, and freezes at —46° C.5 The vapour density is normal at first, but when the chloride is kept, even at 100° C., its vapour commences to dissociate into sulphur dioxide and chlorine. At 200° C. dissociation is almost complete.6 When dissolved in benzene the substance shows a molecular- weight corresponding with S02C12. At ordinary temperatures the specific heat is 0-233, the latent heat of evaporation 32-4 calories per gram, and the heat of formation from the elements approximately 89,540 calories per gram-molecule.7 The dielectric constant at 20° C. is 8-5. As a solvent, the ebullioscopic constant of sulphuryl chloride has been found to have... 

TABLE 8.2.2 Selected physical-chemical Compound properties of some chlorinated dioxins at 25°C Selected properties log Kow Henry s law constant... 

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