Chlorine peroxide

Gallium Halogenates. The anhydrous galhum(III) perchlorate [19854-31-0], Ga(Q0 2 is obtained by reaction of chlorine peroxide, 0120, on GaCl at —180° C (34). The product is a white sohd and is stable at room temperature. 

Photochemical Reactions. The photochemistry of chlorine dioxide is complex and has been extensively studied (29—32). In the gas phase, the primary photochemical reaction is the homolytic fission of the chlorine—oxygen bond to form CIO and O. These products then generate secondary products such as chlorine peroxide, ClOO, chlorine, CI2, oxygen, O2, chlorine trioxide [17496-59-2] CI2O2, chlorine hexoxide [12442-63-6] and... 

In addition, there are the short-lived radical CIO, the chlorine peroxide radical ClOO (cf. OCIO above), and the tetroxide radical CIO4 (p. 850). 

Atmospheres polluted by oxidising agents, e.g. ozone, chlorine, peroxide, etc. whose great destructive power is in direct proportion to the temperature, are also encountered. Sulphuric acid, formed by sulphur dioxide pollution, will accelerate the breakdown of paint, particularly oil-based films. Paint media resistant both to acids, depending on concentration and temperature, and oxidation include those containing bitumen, acrylic resins, chlorinated or cyclised rubber, epoxy and polyurethane/coal tar combinations, phenolic resins and p.v.c. 

There are natural sources of brominated hydrocarbons as well as man-made sources, such as the "halons , which are used in fire extinguishers. Reaction 21 is very fast and generates Cl and Br atoms directly the cycle does not require a photolytic step. Although this cycle occurs with high efficiency, it is less important than the chlorine peroxide cycle because of the much smaller concentrations of bromine compounds in the stratosphere-parts per trillion vs. parts per billion for the chlorine compounds. 

A detailed analysis of the atmospheric measurements over Antarctica by Anderson et al. (19) indicates that the cycle comprising reactions 17 -19 (the chlorine peroxide cycle) accounts for about 75% of the observed ozone depletion, and reactions 21 - 23 account for the rest. While a clear overall picture of polar ozone depletion is emerging, much remains to be learned. For example, the physical chemistry of the acid ices that constitute polar stratospheric clouds needs to be better understood before reliable predictions can be made of future ozone depletion, particularly at northern latitudes, where the chemical changes are more subtle and occur over a larger geographical area. 

Chlorine-hydrogen hazards, 9 646 Chlorine Institute, 21 831 25 343 Chlorine market, in vinyl chloride manufacture, 25 646 Chlorine monofluoride, 13 123-124 Chlorine monoxide, 8 545t Chlorine oxygen acids/salts, 17 389t Chlorine pentafluoride, 13 125 Chlorine peroxide, oxidation state and stability, 8 545t... 

Synonym(s) Alcide Anthium dioxcide Chlorine(IV) oxide Chlorine Oxide Chlorine Peroxide Chloroperoxide Chloriperoxyl Chloryl Radical Dioxide de cloro [Spanish] Dioxide de chlore [French] Caswell No. 179A Doxcide 50 Chlorous acid, sodium salt Textone... 

The CHEM-STA process can be limited by the presence of oxiders, such as chlorine, peroxide, permanganate, or persulfate. The presence of cyanide or chromium in waste can also create treatment limitations. All of the information provided in this summary is based on vendor literature and has not been independently verified. 

Nickolaisen, S. L., R. R. Friedl, and S. P. Sander, Kinetics and Mechanism of the CIO + CIO Reaction Pressure and Temperature Dependences of the Bimolecular and Termolecular Channels and Thermal Decomposition of Chlorine Peroxide, J. Phys. Chem., 98, 155-169(1994). 

Sulphur Dioxide as a Reducing Agent.—When treated in a current of sulphur dioxide, nitrates are reduced, with formation of nitrous gases and sulphates chlorates likewise are reduced, chlorine peroxide being obtained below 60° C., whilst above this temperature the volatile products are sulphur trioxide and chlorine. 

With concentrated hydrochloric acid potassium chlorate evolves chlorine and chlorine peroxide, a reaction useful in certain analytical operations. The mixture is called euchlorine. 10... 

SYNS ALCIDE ANTHIUM DIOXIDE CHLORINE DIOXIDE, not hydrated pOTl CHLORINE OXIDE CHLORINE(TV) OXIDE CHLORINE PEROXIDE CHLOROPEROXYL CHLORYL RADICAL DOXCIDE 50... 

Properties provided by these finishes are mostly improved wet fastness, for example washing, water, perspiration and ironing fastness, then better light fastness and only to a small extent improved crocking and rubbing fastness. For other kinds of colour fastness, for example dry ironing, chlorine, peroxide and carbonisation, there are no known possibilities for improvement by an after treatment. The market importance of these finishes is based on customer preferences and economic production demands. For abetter understanding, each of these three quite different fastness improvements will be dealt with separately. 

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