Chlorine hazards protective equipment

AH volatile organic solvents are toxic to some degree. Excessive vapor inhalation of the volatile chloriaated solveats, and the central nervous system depression that results, is the greatest hazard for iadustrial use of these solvents. Proper protective equipment and operating procedures permit safe use of solvents such as methylene chloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene ia both cold and hot metal-cleaning operations. The toxicity of a solvent cannot be predicted from its chlorine content or chemical stmcture. For example, 1,1,1-trichloroethane is one of the least toxic metal-cleaning solvents and has a recommended threshold limit value (TLV) of 350 ppm. However, the 1,1,2-trichloroethane isomer is one of the more toxic chloriaated hydrocarboas, with a TLV of only 10 ppm. 

Chlorine is listed as a toxic and reactive highly hazardous chemical in Title 29 CFR Part 1910 of the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Standards. The requirements for handling chlorine are well documented. Protective equipment is required to prevent inhalation and contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Chlorine is often handled in confined areas to prevent accidental releases. These areas require continuous monitoring to detect chlorine leaks, air scrubbers. 

Glacial acetic acid is corrosive it can cause burns on the skin and on mucous membranes in the nose and mouth. Its vapors are also hazardous. Dispense it in the hood and use personal protective equipment. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. Sodium hypochlorite emits chlorine gas, which is a respiratory and eye irritant. Dispense it in a fume hood. 

While solid hydrate has the potential of plugging equipment or piping, it is not a corrosion hazard during liquefaction. When an operating unit is shut down and allowed to warm, however, the presence of hydrate leads to extremely rapid corrosion. The stability of carbon steel in dry chlorine service is due to its protective layer of FeCls (Section 9.1.2). Chlorinated water released from melting hydrate dissolves the FeCla to produce an acidic, highly corrosive solution that dissolves more iron from the steel shell. 

All personnel entering areas where chlorine is stored or handled should carry or have immediately available an escape-type respirator. Respiratory equipment should be selected based on evaluation of hazards and degree of potential exposure. For example, when tank cars, ton containers or cylinders are connected to or disconnected from plant piping, small releases of chlorine can occur. The need for respiratory protection during such operations should be determined. 

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