Chlorella effect

Irmer, U., Heuer, K. and Weber, A. (1985). Effects of various organic chemicals on the regreening of red colored Chlorella zofingiensis. Ecotox and Environmental Safety 9 121-133. 

In our previous research, we found that the antialgal allelochemical Ethyl 2-Methylacetoacetate (EMA) caused loss of cell membrane integrity. It hinted that EMA may cause a change in the membrane. It is reported that environmental stress may increase the concentration of ROS in plant cell. The excessive ROS may cause a decrease of antioxidation enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation. The effect of EMA on the activity of SOD and POD and lipid fatty acids of Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Chlorella vulagaris and Microcystis aeruginosa were evaluated to elucidate the mode of action of EMA. 

El-Sheekh, M.M., H.M. Kotkat, and O.H.E. Hammouda. 1994. Effect of atrazine herbicide on growth, photosynthesis, protein synthesis, and fatty acid composition in the unicellular green alga Chlorella kessleri. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 29 349-358. 

Gonzalez-Murua, C., A. Munoz-Rueda, F. Hernando, and M. Sanchez-Diaz. 1985. Effect of atrazine and methabenzthiazuron on oxygen evolution and cell growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Weed Res. 25 61-66. Gorge, G. and R. Nagel. 1990. Toxicity of lindane, atrazine, and deltamethrin to early life stages of zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio). Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 20 246-255. 

Like most halogenated hydrocarbon pesticides, very little of the chlordecone or its metabolites is excreted via the urine. Because of the apparent enterohepatic recirculation of chlordecone and chlordecone alcohol, most experimental approaches to chlordecone detoxification have focused on limiting reabsorption from the gastrointestinal tract using cholestyramine (Boylan et al. 1978 Cohn et al. 1978), liquid paraffin (Richter et al. 1979), and chlorella and chlorella- derived sporopollenin (Pore 1984). No information was found that indicated that mirex undergoes enterohepatic recirculation, so it is not known whether use of these therapies would be effective in reducing absorption of mirex. 

Figure 6.22 shows the effect of temperature on yields of gaseous products from the samples by pyrolysis. As can be seen in Fig. 6.22, the yields of gaseous products from the samples of Polytrichum commune, Thuidium tamarascinum, Cladophora fracta and Chlorella protothecoides increased from 5.3 to 40.6%, 6.5 to 42.2%, 8.2... 

Reaction of 232 with 4-substituted l,3-oxazol-5(4/7)-one 247 led to diacylhydrazines 248 or to imidazole derivatives 249 depending on the reaction temperature (Scheme 24). l,2,4-Triazole-3-thione 250 was obtained by a two-step sequence from 232 with phenyl isothiocyanate and subsequent base-catalyzed cyclization of thiosemicarbazide 251. The effects of hydrazones 241-246 on inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport in spinach chloroplasts and chlorophyll content in the antialgal suspensions of Chlorella vulgaris were investigated <2005CEC622>. 

Fernandez, E., E. Sanchez, I. Bonilla, P. Mateo, and P. Ortega. 1984. Effect of boron on the growth and cell composition of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Phyton 44 125-131. 

Amitrole had a drastic effect on the fixation of 14C02 by illuminated chloroplasts of Chlorella pyrenaidom, lowering the incorporation into sucrose by 95% at a concentration of 500 mg. per liter it did pot affect phosphorylated compounds.145 Carbohydrates hydrolyzable by acids were higher (51%) in treated, chlorotic corn leaves than in controls (32%), and this result was interpreted as due to increased metabolism of proteins and fats. The respiratory quotient of 0.8 to 0.88, compared to controls near 1.0, supported this interpretation.145... 

IMMUNOPOTENTIATING EFFECTS OF A GLYCOPROTEIN FROM CHLORELLA VULGARIS STRAIN CK AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS... 

Muyssen, B.T. and Janssen, C.R. (2001) Zinc acclimation and its effect on the zinc tolerance of Raphidocelis subcapitata and Chlorella vulgaris in laboratory experiments, Chemosphere 45 (4-5), 507-514. 

Sarnia, S.S.S., Nandini, S. and Flores, J.L.G. (2001) Effect of methyl parathion on the population growth of the rotifer Brachionus patulus (O.F. Muller) under different algal food (Chlorella vulgaris) densities, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 48 (2), 190-195. 

Biomass A range of phytotoxic and growth inhibitory effects have been attributed to surfactants (1). Increased lag phase growth was observed in Chlamydomonas and Chlorella attributable to > 1 yg/ml nonylphenol (20), 5 yg/ml Aerotex (10) > 7.5 yg/ml Cyclosol (17). No population growth effects were observed with Atlox or 585 oil < 30 yg/ml, or Dowanol < 1000 yg/ml. Both in the algal cells and in a range of aquatic plants initially exposed to surfactants and observed over a period of 21 days, a depressed biomass was coincident with increasing adjuvant concentrations. 

The effects of the nonylphenol in the Matacil 1.8D OSC formulation give greatest cause for concern. At a concentration of 1.1 pig/ml that has been found in the field (40), nonylphenol can significantly delay the growth of a population of Chlorella pyrenoidosa, where swathe overspray occurs, concentrations may be obtained that could kill the whole population of exposed cells (20). Delays in population growth in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlorella vulgaris was also observed after treatment with Aerotex (10). 

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