China Standards

Environmental Protection Standards (1989-1994). China Standard Publishing House, Beijing. 

State Administration of Work safety 2009. GB/T 23250-2009 The Direct Method of Determining Coal Bed Gas Content in the Mine. China Standard Publishing House (in Chinese). 

Liu Zhimin 2000. Uncertainty and its practice. Beijing China Standard Press. 

China People s Republic (China Standards Information Center, CSIC)... 

General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People s Republic of China. 2005. Evaluation of Seismic Safety for Engineering Sites (GB17741-2005). Beijing, China Standards Publishing House, (in Chinese). 

Note The abrasion ratio is measured by China standard of HG/T2782-1996. 

J. M. Pakulak and C. M. Anderson, Naval Weapons Center Standard Methods for Determining Thermal Properties of Propellants andExplosives, NWC TP 6118, Naval Weapons Center, China Lake, Calif., Mar. 1980. 

Color Color Association of the United States 24 East 39th Street New York, NY 10016 Color standards for fabrics, paints, wallpaper, plastics, floor coverings, automotive and aeronautical materials, china, chemicals, dyestuffs, cosmetics, etc. 

China China Association for Standardization, PO Box 820, Beijing, People s RepubHc of China. 

The European Union (EU) has a systematic classification of white sugars, shown in Table 10. Codex JUimentarius also has issued specifications for white sugars (17). The EU standards are widely used throughout Eastern Europe and Asia. Other countries, eg, Brazd and the People s RepubHc of China, have their own domestic specifications, which are also appHed to imports. 

The diffusion of waterpower was initially slow— perhaps due to its relatively high capital costs, its geographical inflexibility, and the abundance of manual labor in both the classical Mediterranean world and m China. Only in the declining days of the Roman Empire, for example, did watermills become the standard means of grinding gram m some areas, displacing animal- and human-powered mills. 

Only 10 firms account for 75% of agrochemicals sales, while the 15 largest drug companies have a market share of only 33% (Stinson, 1995). About 85% of fine chemicals are manufactured by companies of the triad the United States (28%), Western Europe (39%), and Japan (17%). Italy, with 4.0 million litres reactor capacity and 71 manufacturers, topped the European fine chemicals industry (Layman, 1993). Recently India, China, and Eastern-Central European countries have gained a significant proportion of the market, as a result of the lower direct labour costs and the more relaxed environmental and safety standards. It is fair to state that the high quality of chemists in these countries has also contributed to this development. In 1993, the cost of producing fine chemicals in India was 12% below that in Europe (Layman, 1993). 

Kotschi (2000) was concerned that the standards and demand for organic products were dominated by the wealthy northern countries. He recognised that there was a booming international market for organic food and textiles. The green tea from China, coffee from Mexico and cotton from Tanzania are exported to wealthy people in Europe, North America and Japan. 

Brandt [200] has extracted tri(nonylphenyl) phosphite (TNPP) from a styrene-butadiene polymer using iso-octane. Brown [211] has reported US extraction of acrylic acid monomer from polyacrylates. Ultrasonication was also shown to be a fast and efficient extraction method for organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticisers [212]. Greenpeace [213] has recently reported the concentration of phthalate esters in 72 toys (mostly made in China) using shaking and sonication extraction methods. Extraction and analytical procedures were carefully quality controlled. QC procedures and acceptance criteria were based on USEPA method 606 for the analysis of phthalates in water samples [214]. Extraction efficiency was tested by spiking blank matrix and by standard addition to phthalate-containing samples. For removal of fatty acids from the surface of EVA pellets a lmin ultrasonic bath treatment in isopropanol is sufficient [215]. It has been noticed that the experimental ultrasonic extraction conditions are often ill defined and do not allow independent verification. 

SRI International, 72 Science Applications International Corporation, 326 Standard Oil Research and Development, 46 3M Company, 72,119 University of Akron, 141 University of Florida—Gainesville, 119,153 University of Massachusetts, 60 University of Ottowa, 24 University of Science and Technology of China, 187... 

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