Chiller optimization

Additional details on dozens of chiller optimization configurations can be found in Chapter 8.13 of Volume 2 of the Instrument Engineers Handbook. 

In order to optimize a cooling system, the cooling towers, pumping stations, chillers, and process equipment should be treated as an integrated single system. 

A number of other optimization strategies will be discussed later in this chapter. The savings resulting from replacing the letdown valves with expander turbine generators will be discussed in Section 2.13. The optimization of multistage chillers will be covered in connection with hydrogen liquefaction in Section 2.15.3, and coolant distribution controls will be covered under pump optimization in Section 2.17.2. 

Heat pump operating costs can also be minimized by operating the chillers when the cost is least expensive, namely, at night when both the ambient temperature and the cost of electricity are low. Optimization can also be served by meeting partial loads by operating the chillers part of the time at maximum efficiency. Both of these strategies require storage, so that when the chillers are off, the chilled water or brine will continue to be available. As illustrated... 

Optimized, computer-based load allocation will direct load increases to the most cost-effective chiller, while sending the load decreases to the least cost-effective chiller. 

The cooling water used in most chillers is received from cooling towers (CTs) and as was shown in Figure 2.11, chillers and CTs are optimized as a single... 

Soviet-era buildings can be cut in half, and the energy use of boilers, chillers, compressors, refineries, and conventional power plants can be optimized. 

Fig. 2 Continuous feed DynoMill manufactured by W. A. Bachofen of Switzerland with horizontally mounted agitator disks for continuous production of suspensions by recirculation. The jacketed chamber may be cooled via an external chiller to keep the material at optimal temperatures. The product is separated from the beads either by a screen or by a gap separator.

The Nautilus 2400 synthesizer (Fig. 35) is a highly sophisticated instrument designed to carry out parallel synthesis of 24 compounds [89,90], It is also very useful for chemistry optimization. The instrument contains six modules an autosampler, the Reagent Solvent Enclosure, the Reaction Vessel Enclosure, a gas chiller, and a computer. 

A model of an absorption chiller working on a water-ammonia mixture should subsequently be optimized to achieve the highest possible coefficient of performance (COP) ... 

The optimized parameters are pressures of the working agent before and after the expansion valve. The absorber refrigeration machine achieves a COP of 1.41. Optimization should be carried out separately for each type of heat source (e.g. fuel cell type) connected to the chiller, due to the different composition and temperature of the flue gas delivering the heat to the chiller in each case. 

A model of the compressor based chiller should be subsequently optimized in order to achieve the highest possible COP ... 

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