Chemokine superfamily

Wetzel MA, Steele AD, Eisenstein TK, Adler MW, Henderson EE, Rogers TJ (2000) Mu-opioid induction of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, RANTES, and IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10 expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Immunol 165 6519-6524 Widmer U, Manogue KR, Cerami A, Sherry B (1993) Genomic cloning and promoter analysis of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, MIP-1 alpha, and MIP-1 beta, members of the chemokine superfamily of proinflammatory cytokines. J Immunol 150 4996-5012 Ye RD (2001) Regulation of nuclear factor kappaB activation by G-protein-coupled receptors. [Review] [136 refs]. J Leukoc Biol 70 839-848... 

Over the past ten years, more than 40 unique human and murine cytokines have been identified as members of chemokine superfamily of chemoattractants. These cytokines have been shown to induce the directional migration of selected cell types including neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, basophils, eosinophils, and fibroblasts. 

Based on the presence or absence of conserved cysteine residues within their primary sequence, the chemokine superfamily can be separated into four distinct subfamilies called the C-X-C (or a), the C-C (or (3), the C, or the C-X-X-X-C subfamilies (1-2). Chemokines share many other similarities including their high basic nature as well as their ability to bind heparin through heparinbinding domains. These molecules exhibit sequence identity at the amino acid level between 24 and 80%. Historically, the chemokine subfamilies... 

Houshmand, P., and Zlotnik, A. (2003). Therapeutic applications in the chemokine superfamily. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 7, 457-460. 

Interestingly, there is a certain degree of promiscuity in the chemokine superfamily with many ligands binding different receptors or vice versa. So-called cluster chemokines representing chemotactic proteins which share a distinct chromosomal location are likely to bind the same receptors. However, noncluster or microcluster chemokines are ligands which demonstrate a unique chromosomal location and tend to present a restricted or even specific chemokine receptor interaction [23]. 

IV. Genomic Evolution of the Chemokine Superfamily Functional Significance... 

Zlomik, A., Yoshie, O. (2012). The chemokine superfamily revisited. Immunity, 36(5),... 

Fig. 1. Amino acid sequence alignment of chemokine superfamily. The conserved cysteine residues are indicated by shaded box.

MGSA/GRO Is a Member of the Chemokine Superfamily of Chemotactic Cytokines... 

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