Chemists Chemical Society membership

Smithells was a significant chemist of the period, having studied with Bunsen at Heidelberg, served as professor of Chemistry at Yorkshire College (which became the University of Leeds in 1904) since 1885, and enjoyed membership in the Royal Society since 1901 (he was to serve as vice president of the Royal Society in 1916). He had even served as president of the prestigious Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society from 1902 to 1904. His personal account reveals what the official records of the Chemical Society cannot—the intensity of the emotions felt by the chemists around the issue of... 

American Chemical Society (ACS). Working chemists with disabilities Expanding opportunities in science. http //membership.acs.Org/C/CWD/ workchem/start.htm (accessed December 14,2009). 

Of particular interest, the fight for women s entry into the Pharmaceutical Society, though conducted in an earlier period, shows interesting parallels with the battle for membership of the Chemical Society. Pharmacy also provides a contrast to chemistry in that the Association of Women Pharmacists became a strong focus for women, unlike the short-lived Women Chemists Dining Club (see Chap. 2). 

Hassid s many contributions on the structure and synthesis of plant carbohydrates were recognized by a number of honors and awards. He received the first Sugar Research Award (1945) of the National Academy of Sciences (jointly with M. Doudoroff and H. A. Barker), the Charles Reid Barnes Honorary Life Membership Award of the American Society of Plant Physiologists (1964), and the C. S. Hudson Award of the Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry of the American Chemical Society (1967). He was elected to membership in the National Academy of Sciences (1958) and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1969), and he was honored at the 6th International Symposium on Carbohydrate Chemistry (1972) as one of three outstanding, senior American carbohydrate chemists. He was elected Chairman of the Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry (1949-1950) of the American Chemical Society, and he served as a member of numerous editorial boards, including those of the Journal of Biological Chemistry, Annual Review of Biochemistry, Carbohydrate Research, Phytochemistry, and Analytical Biochemistry. 

At a meeting held at Priestley s old home in Northumberland, Pennsylvania, in 1874 to celebrate the centennial of the discovery of oxygen, plans were laid to organize an American Chemical Society. The first official meeting was held two years later in New York City. It was attended by 35 chemists, out of a membership list of 133. Contrasted with these figures are the current attendance of about 15,000 at national meetings, from a membership of more than 125,000. 

Soon after his arrival in Oxford, Odling was elected President of the Chemical Society for two years, 1873-1875. His time in office coincided with disputes on how far the Society should be restricted to qualified professional chemists and how far it should function as a learned society open to all who wished to contribute to its aims. The issue was settled by establishing the Institute of Chemistry as a separate professional body that restricted its membership to... 

American Chemical Society (ACS) The site of the world s largest scientific society, with a membership of more than 150,000 chemists and chemical engineers, http / / www.acs.org... 

The richly structured membership demonstrates that all three chemical societies had no pronounced policy of demarcation whether in statutes or in practice and were open to all those interested in joining. Although the lists of members do not distinguish chemists from non-chemists, there were evidently quite a few members who had no specialized chemical education. This shows that the societies were open to any professionals not only by their statutes but also in reality. Probably the only firm and almost insurmountable demarcation was affiliation to the linguistically Czech community. The SPCH membership of Carl Zulkowski, the only professor from the German Technical University Deutsche technische Hochschule) in Prague, was the exception that confirms the rule. 

If a definition of who the Danish chemists were in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries is to be based on the distribution of the membership groups of the Danish Chemical Society, pharmacist or chemical engineer is a very accurate answer. But if one focuses instead on the lecture programme of the society, one gets the image of a group of people with an exclusive interest in the cognitive aspects of pure chemistry. There was, however, no built-in conflict between the two perspectives, as I have demonstrated. 

This chapter has so far focused on the chemical societies and those chemists who chose to join them. Yet, membership of any of the societies was never a... 

These professors apparently wanted the Russian Chemical Society to be created, but once it was established, they did not feel it necessary to maintain their membership. What this implies is that the society was seen as a specialized scientific society for chemists, not a broader scientific society that would encompass various academic disdpfines. 

In the second group the membership balance was primarily shifted in favour of the industrial chemists. In these cases, the societies more or less grew out of a group of industrial chemists, such as in Belgium where the chemical society was established by a group of chemists from the sugar industry. The Belgian society... 

The last group includes the Nederlandsche Chemische Vereeniging. Here the chemical society seemed to have managed to maintain a particularly good equilibrium between the chemical engineers and the academically employed chemists. This society chose a very open-minded and inclusive attitude and consequently was able to establish a well-functioning balance between the different membership groups. 

The pharmacists represented a special professional group related in different ways to the chemists in various countries. In the Netherlands, the pharmacists were welcome to become members of the chemical society if they so wished. The case was the same in (at least) Belgium, Czech Lands, Denmark and Norway, whereas the pharmaceutical chemists were explicitly excluded from membership of the chemical societies in some of the other countries, such as Britain. Different local reasons for the differences have been discussed in some of the previous chapters, and we can only conclude that although chemistry historically has had long and strong ties to pharmacy, the two disciplines had largely become differentiated by the late nineteenth century. This is also reflected in the formation of self-contained associations dealing with the specific interests of the pharmacists. 

In 1902, the American chemist and historian of chemistry H. C. Bolton published a thin brochure as an attempt to produce an overview on all chemical societies in the world that existed in 1900. His motivation was the beginning of the new century [which] affords an opportune period for chronicling the progress of chemistry as shown by the organizations formed to foster its study and to stimulate its adherents . The statistical data in the booklet (seat and date of founding, name of president and membership in 1900, serial publications and remarks) Bolton collected chiefly by correspondence with the officers of the societies. In the booklet, however, several countries and societies had been left out, and the contents were strictly descriptive (Figure 1). 

Dr. Sparks gave generously of his time to the American Chemical Society and the American Institute of Chemists. He held many positions in these organizations, and received their highest honors (ACS Priestley Medal, 1965 Charles Goodyear Medal, 1963 AIC Gold Medal Award, 1954 Chemical Pioneer Award, 1970 and Honorary Membership, 1954). He was President of the... 

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